Bidleman and co-workers carried out complementary investigations on the
enantiomer-selective microbial transformation of α-HCH in lakes or coastal bays
(Falconer et al. 1995a, b; Ridal et al. 1997; Bidleman et al. 1998a, b, c, d) and in
marine waters of other regions of the world’s oceans (Jantunen and Bidleman 1996,
1997, 1998). These studies formed the early basis for gaining deeper insight into
inter-compartmental exchange processes (i.e. air/water exchange processes). A
variety of similar studies on inter-compartmental exchange characterisation are
documented in the literature (Bidleman et al. 2002; Bidleman and Leone 2004;
Asher et al. 2007; Gouin et al. 2007; Bidleman et al. 2013a, b) and comprehensively
discussed in recent overview reports (Jantunen et al. 2008, 2015) (Table 8.4).
In the following section, the experimental evidence for the microbial transformation of pollutants in lakes and marine waters as inferred from enantioselective cGC
results documented in the early reports by the Bidleman group mainly from studies
in the Arctic and Northern Canada will be summarised. The enantiomeric ratios of
the α-HCH enantiomers determined by Bidleman and co-workers in lake waters
were largely comparable with those reported earlier by Hühnerfuss and co-workers
for the eastern part of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, that is, a preferential
microbial transformation of the (+)-α-HCH was observed in all cases. The ER values
determined in the Arctic “Amituk Lake”, N.W.T. in Canada, ranged between 0.65
and 0.99, while for Lake Ontario an average value of ER ¼ 0.85 and for Resolute
Bay of ER ¼ 0.93 was obtained.
Fig. 8.6 Chromatograms of
the two β-PCCH (a) and γPCCH enantiomers (b)
extracted from Baltic Sea
water samples (a, stations
1–10 pooled; b station 4, see
Fig. 8.7) using a fused-silica
capillary column coated
with 50% heptakis(2,3,6-triO-n-pentyl)-β-cyclodextrin
and 50% OV1701. Column
temperature program: 323 K
! 10 K/min to 388 K;
carrier gas 45 kPa helium;
on-column injection
8.1 Microbial Transformation of Chiral Environmental Pollutants
121
enantiomer-selective microbial transformation of α-HCH in lakes or coastal bays
(Falconer et al. 1995a, b; Ridal et al. 1997; Bidleman et al. 1998a, b, c, d) and in
marine waters of other regions of the world’s oceans (Jantunen and Bidleman 1996,
1997, 1998). These studies formed the early basis for gaining deeper insight into
inter-compartmental exchange processes (i.e. air/water exchange processes). A
variety of similar studies on inter-compartmental exchange characterisation are
documented in the literature (Bidleman et al. 2002; Bidleman and Leone 2004;
Asher et al. 2007; Gouin et al. 2007; Bidleman et al. 2013a, b) and comprehensively
discussed in recent overview reports (Jantunen et al. 2008, 2015) (Table 8.4).
In the following section, the experimental evidence for the microbial transformation of pollutants in lakes and marine waters as inferred from enantioselective cGC
results documented in the early reports by the Bidleman group mainly from studies
in the Arctic and Northern Canada will be summarised. The enantiomeric ratios of
the α-HCH enantiomers determined by Bidleman and co-workers in lake waters
were largely comparable with those reported earlier by Hühnerfuss and co-workers
for the eastern part of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, that is, a preferential
microbial transformation of the (+)-α-HCH was observed in all cases. The ER values
determined in the Arctic “Amituk Lake”, N.W.T. in Canada, ranged between 0.65
and 0.99, while for Lake Ontario an average value of ER ¼ 0.85 and for Resolute
Bay of ER ¼ 0.93 was obtained.
Fig. 8.6 Chromatograms of
the two β-PCCH (a) and γPCCH enantiomers (b)
extracted from Baltic Sea
water samples (a, stations
1–10 pooled; b station 4, see
Fig. 8.7) using a fused-silica
capillary column coated
with 50% heptakis(2,3,6-triO-n-pentyl)-β-cyclodextrin
and 50% OV1701. Column
temperature program: 323 K
! 10 K/min to 388 K;
carrier gas 45 kPa helium;
on-column injection
8.1 Microbial Transformation of Chiral Environmental Pollutants
121