516
NPs fabrication (cont.)
interfacial polycondensation, 419
miniemulsion, 419–421
polymers, 430
salting out method, 416–417
SCF technology
RESS, 422
SAS, 421–422
Nuclear receptors, 165
Nutritious diet, 395, 396
O
Obesity, 85, 126, 130
antibiotics, 129
BPA effect, 254, 255
health issue, 227
parabens effect, 373
pesticides effect, 283, 284
PFASs effects, 309–310
Obesogenic EDCs, 331–333
Obesogenic mechanism
DNA methylation, 153
estrogen receptors, 153
PPARγ, 152
Obesogens, 150, 312, 331–333, 348, 495
Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion, 416
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), 91
Omega 3 fatty acids, 398
One meal d day (OMAD), 445
Oral contraceptives
formulation, 361
Organic farming, 292
Organophosphate FRs, 224
Organophosphates (OPs), 142
Oxidative metabolism, 65
Oxidative stress, 58, 64, 152, 210
aflatoxicosis, 384
AFs effect, 384
BFRs, 230
definition, 350
pesticide effects, 288, 289
TBBPA, 231
OXPHOS process, 62, 64
Oxytocin, 10
Oxytocin hormone, 10
P
Pancreas, 19
glucagon, 20
hormones, 19
insulin, 20
Pancreas gland-related disorders, 469–472
obesity, 469
weight reduction, 473
Pancreas functioning, 19
Parabens
cosmetic preparations, 368
as EDCs
estrogen, 374–375
obesity, 373–374
on testosterone, 372–373
thyroid hormone, 371–372
features, 368
in food products, 368
metabolism, 370–371
PHBA, 368
as preservatives, 368
pre-systemic metabolism, 368
sources, 369
cosmetics, 370
food samples, 369
pharmaceuticals, 370
in systemic circulation, 368
in topical applications, 368
Para-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), 368, 374
Parathyroid glands, 12
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), 12
functions, 12
phosphate, 13
thyrocalcitonin, 12
Particle size, NPs
AFM, 427
DLS, 426
internalization potential, 425
nanotechnology, 425
SEM, 425–426
TEM, 427
Pentose phosphate pathway, 207
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl
substances, 302
Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs),
303–308, 314
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)
aquatic ecosystem, 306
association with diabetes and oxidative
stress, 313
association with obesity, 312–313
in biota, 305
chemical conception, 302
chemical properties, 303, 304
contents emission, 307
definition, 302
environmental, 304
exposure and bioaccumulation, 305–306
family, 302
functional groups, 305
Index
NPs fabrication (cont.)
interfacial polycondensation, 419
miniemulsion, 419–421
polymers, 430
salting out method, 416–417
SCF technology
RESS, 422
SAS, 421–422
Nuclear receptors, 165
Nutritious diet, 395, 396
O
Obesity, 85, 126, 130
antibiotics, 129
BPA effect, 254, 255
health issue, 227
parabens effect, 373
pesticides effect, 283, 284
PFASs effects, 309–310
Obesogenic EDCs, 331–333
Obesogenic mechanism
DNA methylation, 153
estrogen receptors, 153
PPARγ, 152
Obesogens, 150, 312, 331–333, 348, 495
Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion, 416
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), 91
Omega 3 fatty acids, 398
One meal d day (OMAD), 445
Oral contraceptives
formulation, 361
Organic farming, 292
Organophosphate FRs, 224
Organophosphates (OPs), 142
Oxidative metabolism, 65
Oxidative stress, 58, 64, 152, 210
aflatoxicosis, 384
AFs effect, 384
BFRs, 230
definition, 350
pesticide effects, 288, 289
TBBPA, 231
OXPHOS process, 62, 64
Oxytocin, 10
Oxytocin hormone, 10
P
Pancreas, 19
glucagon, 20
hormones, 19
insulin, 20
Pancreas gland-related disorders, 469–472
obesity, 469
weight reduction, 473
Pancreas functioning, 19
Parabens
cosmetic preparations, 368
as EDCs
estrogen, 374–375
obesity, 373–374
on testosterone, 372–373
thyroid hormone, 371–372
features, 368
in food products, 368
metabolism, 370–371
PHBA, 368
as preservatives, 368
pre-systemic metabolism, 368
sources, 369
cosmetics, 370
food samples, 369
pharmaceuticals, 370
in systemic circulation, 368
in topical applications, 368
Para-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), 368, 374
Parathyroid glands, 12
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), 12
functions, 12
phosphate, 13
thyrocalcitonin, 12
Particle size, NPs
AFM, 427
DLS, 426
internalization potential, 425
nanotechnology, 425
SEM, 425–426
TEM, 427
Pentose phosphate pathway, 207
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl
substances, 302
Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs),
303–308, 314
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)
aquatic ecosystem, 306
association with diabetes and oxidative
stress, 313
association with obesity, 312–313
in biota, 305
chemical conception, 302
chemical properties, 303, 304
contents emission, 307
definition, 302
environmental, 304
exposure and bioaccumulation, 305–306
family, 302
functional groups, 305
Index