500
Curcumin
Curcumin is a polyphenol obtained from rhizome of curcuma longa. It possesses
antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antimutagenic properties. Curcumin reduces
oxidative stress by inhibiting aconitase (oxidative stress marker) [90]. It also reduces
lipogenesis by facilitating β-oxidation [18].
Astaxanthin
Astaxanthin is a carotenoid found in crayfish, shrimp, yeast, and salmon. Astaxanthin
provides protection against fatty liver disease by reducing lipid peroxidation and
lipid accumulation in liver. It also downregulates genes involved in lipogenesis [91].
Green Tea Flavonoids
Green tea flavonoids include epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, and
epigallocatechin gallate [92–94]. However, flavonoids comprise small amounts of
quercetin and myricetin that are found to be effective in treatment of NAFLD. Quercetin
improves lipid metabolism through stimulation of fatty acid oxidation and inhibition
of lipogenesis. Quercetin exerts antioxidant effects demonstrated by reduction of
oxidative stress. Therefore, administration of quercetin led to decrease in steatosis.
Citrus fruit such as oranges and grapefruit contain rutin (Quercetin with disaccharides rutinose covalently bound to 3-OH groups) [94]. Few studies reported beneficial effect of rutin in NAFLD through reduction of oxidative stress and stimulation
of endogenous antioxidants level [95]. Table 28.4 describes the summary of sources,
proposed mechanisms of action, and therapeutic properties of various bioactive compounds used in NAFLD.
Conclusions and Recommendations
Bioactive compounds possess promising ability to interact with living tissues by
presenting one or more probable health benefits. Research related to the use of bioactive compounds in EDCs induced metabolic disorders is experiencing remarkable
growth. More specific information on bioactive compounds consumption and
human health will be forthcoming in future. Increased consumption of bioactive
rich food including vegetables, fruits and grains protects against metabolic disorders. The mechanism of action involves antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimutagenic, and antiapoptotic properties.
Conflict of Interest The authors have no affiliations or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest.
T. H. Mallhi et al.
Curcumin
Curcumin is a polyphenol obtained from rhizome of curcuma longa. It possesses
antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antimutagenic properties. Curcumin reduces
oxidative stress by inhibiting aconitase (oxidative stress marker) [90]. It also reduces
lipogenesis by facilitating β-oxidation [18].
Astaxanthin
Astaxanthin is a carotenoid found in crayfish, shrimp, yeast, and salmon. Astaxanthin
provides protection against fatty liver disease by reducing lipid peroxidation and
lipid accumulation in liver. It also downregulates genes involved in lipogenesis [91].
Green Tea Flavonoids
Green tea flavonoids include epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, and
epigallocatechin gallate [92–94]. However, flavonoids comprise small amounts of
quercetin and myricetin that are found to be effective in treatment of NAFLD. Quercetin
improves lipid metabolism through stimulation of fatty acid oxidation and inhibition
of lipogenesis. Quercetin exerts antioxidant effects demonstrated by reduction of
oxidative stress. Therefore, administration of quercetin led to decrease in steatosis.
Citrus fruit such as oranges and grapefruit contain rutin (Quercetin with disaccharides rutinose covalently bound to 3-OH groups) [94]. Few studies reported beneficial effect of rutin in NAFLD through reduction of oxidative stress and stimulation
of endogenous antioxidants level [95]. Table 28.4 describes the summary of sources,
proposed mechanisms of action, and therapeutic properties of various bioactive compounds used in NAFLD.
Conclusions and Recommendations
Bioactive compounds possess promising ability to interact with living tissues by
presenting one or more probable health benefits. Research related to the use of bioactive compounds in EDCs induced metabolic disorders is experiencing remarkable
growth. More specific information on bioactive compounds consumption and
human health will be forthcoming in future. Increased consumption of bioactive
rich food including vegetables, fruits and grains protects against metabolic disorders. The mechanism of action involves antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimutagenic, and antiapoptotic properties.
Conflict of Interest The authors have no affiliations or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest.
T. H. Mallhi et al.