497
Minerals
Several minerals have demonstrated potential role in the management of obesity.
Calcium intake of (1200 mg/day) increases fat mass loss in obese and overweight
adults [72]. Low calcium intake results in decreased lipolysis which in turn increases
weight [73].
Phytochemicals
Bioactive compounds such as triterpenes and carotenoids, and phytochemicals primarily polyphenols (flavonoid, flavonols, flavones, anthocyanins, phenolic acids,
stilbenes, and curcuminoids) exhibit significant antiadiposity, antioxidative, and
cardioprotective [74–78]. Some phytochemicals act as thermogenic compounds
(ephedrine, caffeine, salicylic acid, and capsaicin) and prevent accumulation of fat
in body tissues through burning extra calories [72].
Probiotics
Microorganisms that maintain the balance of intestinal flora in gut and improve
digestibility of nutrients are termed probiotics. Probiotics belong to genera
Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Gut microbiota are found to be effective in
treatment of obesity. Apparently, intestinal microflora lead to increased energy storage and adiposity in obese than that of lean individuals [79]. Moreover, short-chain
fatty acids (acetate, butyrate, and propionate) from indigestible polysaccharides are
produced by beneficial intestinal microflora which may act as energy substrates as
well as regulators of food intake and satiety. Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria synthesize bioactive isomers of conjugated linoleic acid which possess antidiabetic, antiatherosclerotic and anti obesity properties [80]. Table 28.3 describes the summary
of sources, proposed mechanisms of action, and therapeutic properties of various
bioactive compounds used in obesity.
Effect of Bioactive Compounds Against EDCs Induced
Hyperlipidemia
Hyperlipidemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by high cholesterol or elevated levels of fats in the blood. EDCs interfere with synthesis, secretion, and
release of hormones. Therefore, hyperlipidemia is caused by even low dose exposure to BPA due to upregulation of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis including
sterol regulating element binding protein 2 [81].
28 Bioactive Compounds for the Treatment of Metabolic Disorders
Minerals
Several minerals have demonstrated potential role in the management of obesity.
Calcium intake of (1200 mg/day) increases fat mass loss in obese and overweight
adults [72]. Low calcium intake results in decreased lipolysis which in turn increases
weight [73].
Phytochemicals
Bioactive compounds such as triterpenes and carotenoids, and phytochemicals primarily polyphenols (flavonoid, flavonols, flavones, anthocyanins, phenolic acids,
stilbenes, and curcuminoids) exhibit significant antiadiposity, antioxidative, and
cardioprotective [74–78]. Some phytochemicals act as thermogenic compounds
(ephedrine, caffeine, salicylic acid, and capsaicin) and prevent accumulation of fat
in body tissues through burning extra calories [72].
Probiotics
Microorganisms that maintain the balance of intestinal flora in gut and improve
digestibility of nutrients are termed probiotics. Probiotics belong to genera
Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Gut microbiota are found to be effective in
treatment of obesity. Apparently, intestinal microflora lead to increased energy storage and adiposity in obese than that of lean individuals [79]. Moreover, short-chain
fatty acids (acetate, butyrate, and propionate) from indigestible polysaccharides are
produced by beneficial intestinal microflora which may act as energy substrates as
well as regulators of food intake and satiety. Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria synthesize bioactive isomers of conjugated linoleic acid which possess antidiabetic, antiatherosclerotic and anti obesity properties [80]. Table 28.3 describes the summary
of sources, proposed mechanisms of action, and therapeutic properties of various
bioactive compounds used in obesity.
Effect of Bioactive Compounds Against EDCs Induced
Hyperlipidemia
Hyperlipidemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by high cholesterol or elevated levels of fats in the blood. EDCs interfere with synthesis, secretion, and
release of hormones. Therefore, hyperlipidemia is caused by even low dose exposure to BPA due to upregulation of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis including
sterol regulating element binding protein 2 [81].
28 Bioactive Compounds for the Treatment of Metabolic Disorders