23
Table 1.2 (continued)
Endocrine
gland
Hormone
Specific function
Endocrine disorders
Adrenal
medulla
Epinephrine and
norepinephrine
(catecholamine’s)
Have effect on the same
organs as of sympathetic
nervous system, i.e.,
smooth muscles, glands,
and heart and prolong or
enhance the effects
produced by sympathetic
nervous system
Ovaries
Estrogen
During puberty regulates
the development of
female reproductive
organs, while in adult
women regulates the
menstrual cycle,
promotes hormone
regulation of pregnancy
and lactation, and
maintaining female
sexual desire
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
(PCOS)
Progesterone
Causes alterations in the
endometrium to prepare
for pregnancy, and
together with estrogen
stimulates breast
development in the
mammary glands to
prepare for lactation
Adrenogenital syndrome
Masculinizing effect
Testes
Testosterone
Stimulates the growth
and development of the
male reproductive tract,
sperm production and
also possesses strong
protein anabolic activity
(promoting protein
production, resulting in
increased muscle mass)
Hypogonadism (infertility)
Erectile dysfunction
pancreas
Insulin
Lowers concentration of
glucose in blood by
regulating carbohydrate
metabolism
Diabetic mellitus
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hypoglycemia
Glucagon
Increases concentration
of glucose in blood by
regulating carbohydrate
metabolism
Glycogen storage disease
(GSD)
(continued)
1 Physiology of Endocrine System and Related Metabolic Disorders