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Role of Nanocarriers in the Treatment of Metabolic Disorders
Triglycerides and HDL Blood
Currently, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) and beneficial or harmful effects pertinent
to them have garnered more attention of the biomedical scientists. The effect of
nanocarriers on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase was investigated and studies
showed that short-term use of silver NPs was unable to alter the level of dehydrogenase enzyme [81]. Researchers have studied the toxic effect of different doses of
silver NPs on lung tissues of rats. The alterations in some hematological and biochemical parameters in blood were measured after long-term oral administration of
these NPs. No significant alteration in levels of blood cholesterol was observed, but
a significant decrease in the level of triglycerides was measured after a period of
3 months [82]. A study has shown the influence of silver NPs on lipid conc. in
broiler chicks and clinoptilolite on liver enzymes. They detected that the conc. of
alanine aminotransferase as well as alkaline phosphatase enzymes reduced significantly. The concentration of triglyceride, VLDL, LDL, and cholesterol reduced
while conc. HDL increased [83]. However, another study has presented that blood
triglyceride was not influenced by manganese oxide NPs [84].
Diabetes and Blood Glucose
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by high blood glucose levels, high blood pressure, and triglycerides. A study has shown that 30 ppm silver NPs did not show any
effect on the glucose level. Nevertheless, contradictory results are expected.
Nanoparticles based strategies for insulin delivery are stated below:
Polymer Nanoparticles
These are colloidal particles having a size from 10 to 1000 nm and have unique
characteristics such as biocompatibility and biodegradability. A recent study has
exhibited that the dextran sulfate-chitosan nanocarrier based insulin delivery system
has shown 85% association efficacy. No release of insulin was observed at pH 5.2
up to 24 h and a controlled release was observed at pH 6.8.
Dendrimers
Dendrimers are branched polymer systems range in size from 10 to 20 nm and have
improved chemical and physical structure. PAMAM dendrimers offered the potential for insulin delivery by effectively improving the insulin absorption [85].
Z. Iqbal et al.
Role of Nanocarriers in the Treatment of Metabolic Disorders
Triglycerides and HDL Blood
Currently, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) and beneficial or harmful effects pertinent
to them have garnered more attention of the biomedical scientists. The effect of
nanocarriers on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase was investigated and studies
showed that short-term use of silver NPs was unable to alter the level of dehydrogenase enzyme [81]. Researchers have studied the toxic effect of different doses of
silver NPs on lung tissues of rats. The alterations in some hematological and biochemical parameters in blood were measured after long-term oral administration of
these NPs. No significant alteration in levels of blood cholesterol was observed, but
a significant decrease in the level of triglycerides was measured after a period of
3 months [82]. A study has shown the influence of silver NPs on lipid conc. in
broiler chicks and clinoptilolite on liver enzymes. They detected that the conc. of
alanine aminotransferase as well as alkaline phosphatase enzymes reduced significantly. The concentration of triglyceride, VLDL, LDL, and cholesterol reduced
while conc. HDL increased [83]. However, another study has presented that blood
triglyceride was not influenced by manganese oxide NPs [84].
Diabetes and Blood Glucose
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by high blood glucose levels, high blood pressure, and triglycerides. A study has shown that 30 ppm silver NPs did not show any
effect on the glucose level. Nevertheless, contradictory results are expected.
Nanoparticles based strategies for insulin delivery are stated below:
Polymer Nanoparticles
These are colloidal particles having a size from 10 to 1000 nm and have unique
characteristics such as biocompatibility and biodegradability. A recent study has
exhibited that the dextran sulfate-chitosan nanocarrier based insulin delivery system
has shown 85% association efficacy. No release of insulin was observed at pH 5.2
up to 24 h and a controlled release was observed at pH 6.8.
Dendrimers
Dendrimers are branched polymer systems range in size from 10 to 20 nm and have
improved chemical and physical structure. PAMAM dendrimers offered the potential for insulin delivery by effectively improving the insulin absorption [85].
Z. Iqbal et al.