271
17
Deltamethrin
1974
2007
Inhalation, skin contact,
contaminated food
Insecticides, Bed bugs and
mosquitos’ killers’ chemicals
[143]
18
Diazinon
1952
2004
Inhalation, skin contact,
contaminated food
Domestic insecticides
[144]
19
Dichlorvos
1961
1998
Inhalation and dermal contact
Domestic insecticides, household
pests, in public health
[145]
20
Dicofol
1957
1989
Inhalation and dermal contact
Foliar spray on agricultural crops
and ornamentals
[123]
21
Dieldrin
1948
1970
Oral ingestion, inhalation,
dermal contact
Foliar spray on agricultural crops
and ornamentals
[146]
22
Diflubenzuron
1975
1995
Inhalation of dust particles,
dermal contact, ingestion of
contaminated food
Forest management and on field
crops
[147]
23
Dimethoate
1950
2016
Ingestion and skin contact
Contaminated fruits, insecticides
used in home garden and
agricultural areas
[148]
24
Diuron
1954
2012
Oral ingestion, inhalation and
dermal contact
Residual herbicide and algaecide
[149]
25
Endosulfan
1954
2011
Ingestion of contaminated
food, skin contact
Insecticide and acaricide
[150]
26
Endrin
1950
1984
Inhalation, contaminated water,
agricultural areas
Pesticide to control insects, rodents,
and birds
[151]
27
Epoxiconazole
1993
2000
Skin contact, inhalation, oral
Pharmaceuticals, fungicides
[151]
28
Fenarimol
1984
2012
Dermal adsorption, inhalation
Ornamental plants, trees, lawns,
contaminated food
[152]
29
Fenitrothion
1959
2006
Oral, inhalation
Agricultural areas, herbicides
[153]
30
Nitrofen
1966
1996
Inhalation, contaminated water,
agricultural areas
Agricultural areas, herbicides
[154]
31
Acephate
1973
Skin contact, inhalation,
Domestic insecticides,
pharmaceuticals
[155]
32
Acetochlor
1958
2013
Oral, skin contact
Agricultural areas, herbicides
[156]
33
Alachlor
1969
1985
Inhalation, dermal contact
Agricultural areas, herbicides
[157]
Table 17.2 (continued)
(continued)
17 Role of Pesticides as EDCs in Metabolic Disorders