xii
acromegaly, galactorrhea, erectile dysfunction, central diabetes insipidus, hypopituitarism, pituitary apoplexy, and diabetes mellitus. Further, we have included the
deficiency of some enzymes which are involved in the normal metabolic pathways
of carbohydrates like fructose, galactose, and glycogen. They are mostly autosomal
recessive disorders that occur extensively in MDs. Similarly, impaired lipid metabolism and thyroid function along with mitochondrial dysfunction, inherited metabolic disorders have also been expanded in great detail with their direct and/or
indirect association for inducing and progressing MDs.
We felt the presence of a huge gap existing among the fundamentals of endocrinology, induction of MDs, and role of EDCs in inducing MDs in the text of available books on the topic, for which everyone needs to hop between the explanation
of elementary perceptions of the endocrine system and the description of associated
disorders occurring due to any dysfunction in the system. Therefore, we have tried
our best to relate each vital component of the endocrine system as depicted above
for proper body regulation as well as its dysfunction for induction of MDs.
Another addition to the valuable totaling of this book is a description of occurrence and exposure of endocrine-disrupting chemicals to the human being which
include but are not limited to polychlorinated biphenyls for electronics, paints and
floor coats, fire retardants used in furniture and textiles, phthalates used in plastics
and scents, parabens used for the protection of products such as lotions and sunscreens, and alkylphenols used in detergents and pesticide formulation. The
increased accumulating evidence of EDCs in our environment includes persistent
organic pollutants, bisphenol A, and phthalates that illustrate their important role in
the occurrence of metabolic diseases (obesity, T2DM, and metabolic syndrome).
One of the noteworthy public health apprehensions of these EDCs is their enduring
damaging effects. The role and influence of endocrine disruptors and their link to
the ecosystem and human health have already been deeply covered over several
years. However, several questions arise about the mechanisms of action of the
EDCs, and further research is required. In this book, we have given the current
understanding of the probable health dangers of EDCs in humans which highlight a
requisite for increasing awareness of EDCs exposure and their enduring damaging
health effects. Why we are talking about these “enduring damaging health effects”
with great emphasis here? The answer to this is these EDCs-induced MDs are
becoming a big source for antibiotic resistance. Yes! Some pathogens are also
becoming resistant to the use of antibiotics to treat infections that are associated
with EDCs-induced metabolic disorders. Besides, gut microbiota become altered
because of EDCs-induced metabolic disorders. So we have also provided information on how EDCs can influence the gut microbiome and finally lead to the development of MDs. Other EDCs that have been taken into account for inducing MDs
which are included in this book, including polychlorinated biphenyls (aromatic hexagonal biphenyl compounds), furans (an EDCs found in processed food, industrial
process, pharmaceutical products, and smoke), heavy metals (such as cadmium and
arsenic), flame-retardants (fire extinguisher such as halogenated, organophosphosphate, nitrogenous, inorganic, and intumescent coatings), phthalates, pesticides,
perfluoroalkyl substances, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tobacco, pharmaceuPreface
acromegaly, galactorrhea, erectile dysfunction, central diabetes insipidus, hypopituitarism, pituitary apoplexy, and diabetes mellitus. Further, we have included the
deficiency of some enzymes which are involved in the normal metabolic pathways
of carbohydrates like fructose, galactose, and glycogen. They are mostly autosomal
recessive disorders that occur extensively in MDs. Similarly, impaired lipid metabolism and thyroid function along with mitochondrial dysfunction, inherited metabolic disorders have also been expanded in great detail with their direct and/or
indirect association for inducing and progressing MDs.
We felt the presence of a huge gap existing among the fundamentals of endocrinology, induction of MDs, and role of EDCs in inducing MDs in the text of available books on the topic, for which everyone needs to hop between the explanation
of elementary perceptions of the endocrine system and the description of associated
disorders occurring due to any dysfunction in the system. Therefore, we have tried
our best to relate each vital component of the endocrine system as depicted above
for proper body regulation as well as its dysfunction for induction of MDs.
Another addition to the valuable totaling of this book is a description of occurrence and exposure of endocrine-disrupting chemicals to the human being which
include but are not limited to polychlorinated biphenyls for electronics, paints and
floor coats, fire retardants used in furniture and textiles, phthalates used in plastics
and scents, parabens used for the protection of products such as lotions and sunscreens, and alkylphenols used in detergents and pesticide formulation. The
increased accumulating evidence of EDCs in our environment includes persistent
organic pollutants, bisphenol A, and phthalates that illustrate their important role in
the occurrence of metabolic diseases (obesity, T2DM, and metabolic syndrome).
One of the noteworthy public health apprehensions of these EDCs is their enduring
damaging effects. The role and influence of endocrine disruptors and their link to
the ecosystem and human health have already been deeply covered over several
years. However, several questions arise about the mechanisms of action of the
EDCs, and further research is required. In this book, we have given the current
understanding of the probable health dangers of EDCs in humans which highlight a
requisite for increasing awareness of EDCs exposure and their enduring damaging
health effects. Why we are talking about these “enduring damaging health effects”
with great emphasis here? The answer to this is these EDCs-induced MDs are
becoming a big source for antibiotic resistance. Yes! Some pathogens are also
becoming resistant to the use of antibiotics to treat infections that are associated
with EDCs-induced metabolic disorders. Besides, gut microbiota become altered
because of EDCs-induced metabolic disorders. So we have also provided information on how EDCs can influence the gut microbiome and finally lead to the development of MDs. Other EDCs that have been taken into account for inducing MDs
which are included in this book, including polychlorinated biphenyls (aromatic hexagonal biphenyl compounds), furans (an EDCs found in processed food, industrial
process, pharmaceutical products, and smoke), heavy metals (such as cadmium and
arsenic), flame-retardants (fire extinguisher such as halogenated, organophosphosphate, nitrogenous, inorganic, and intumescent coatings), phthalates, pesticides,
perfluoroalkyl substances, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tobacco, pharmaceuPreface