Integrated Watershed Management Vis-a-Vis Water–Energy–Food Nexus
75
recommend that a new nexus-based scheme is required to deal with unsustainable
growth patterns [33] and addressing causes rather than the symptoms, by determining
impressive points for intervention in underlying structures and systems [87]. Just as
other upcoming concepts, however, the nexus approach is still under development
and passes infant stage.
2.2 WEF Nexus Components
In this chapter, the main constituents of the water–energy–food (WEF) relationship
were identified. The components can be summarized as follows:
2.2.1 Water–Food
Water is a vital element for raising kinds of vegetable, fruits, cereals, animals, and
also their products that we use as food and producing beverages [3]. Water for food
production accounts for around 70% of water withdrawals. From another point of
view, the demand for food will increase significantly as a result of the raising of population growth, urbanization and economic growth along with changes in diet [14].
Since water is the core element in the nexus, therefore investigations about water
issues is the most important matter in order to reach development results in these
three interconnected elements [27]. Water plays as a state thing and at the same time
a control other things and is centrally linked [33]. The progress of agricultural practices globally is influenced greatly by the handiness and accessibility of water assets.
Agriculture in addition to be the cause of water pollution is the victim as well. The
type of crops planted, the crop cycles and the irrigation method used vary from dry
to humid regions of the world. Nowadays, the relationship between water and food
is a symbol of vulnerability on two foreparts. First, changing water supply patterns
that affect the reliability of high-water sectors, including agriculture, and second,
growing competition for limited water resources to meet the planned addition in food
need [23]. Water is required for food production, especially for irrigation and crops
processing. In the world, the main water consumer is agricultural, and it consumes
about 90% of global freshwater in the past century [38]. Scientists estimated that
60% raise in food production may be required to reach world food need by 2050 in
comparison with 2007, and therefore, it demands an increase in productivity use up
to 70 million ha of additional arable land. Interim, water exploitation for agriculture,
which currently consumes about 70% of global water, is supposed to increase slightly
by 5% by 2050, thanks to improved productivity [52]. Reaching increasing need for
water and food demand precise risk management and conditions which are related
to the connection between various food and water security attributes. Several food
security concerns are influenced by accessibility to water with acceptable quality. In
order to produce food and further downstream effects during preparing food, it is
necessary to prepare and consume sufficient water with acceptable quality. Likewise,
75
recommend that a new nexus-based scheme is required to deal with unsustainable
growth patterns [33] and addressing causes rather than the symptoms, by determining
impressive points for intervention in underlying structures and systems [87]. Just as
other upcoming concepts, however, the nexus approach is still under development
and passes infant stage.
2.2 WEF Nexus Components
In this chapter, the main constituents of the water–energy–food (WEF) relationship
were identified. The components can be summarized as follows:
2.2.1 Water–Food
Water is a vital element for raising kinds of vegetable, fruits, cereals, animals, and
also their products that we use as food and producing beverages [3]. Water for food
production accounts for around 70% of water withdrawals. From another point of
view, the demand for food will increase significantly as a result of the raising of population growth, urbanization and economic growth along with changes in diet [14].
Since water is the core element in the nexus, therefore investigations about water
issues is the most important matter in order to reach development results in these
three interconnected elements [27]. Water plays as a state thing and at the same time
a control other things and is centrally linked [33]. The progress of agricultural practices globally is influenced greatly by the handiness and accessibility of water assets.
Agriculture in addition to be the cause of water pollution is the victim as well. The
type of crops planted, the crop cycles and the irrigation method used vary from dry
to humid regions of the world. Nowadays, the relationship between water and food
is a symbol of vulnerability on two foreparts. First, changing water supply patterns
that affect the reliability of high-water sectors, including agriculture, and second,
growing competition for limited water resources to meet the planned addition in food
need [23]. Water is required for food production, especially for irrigation and crops
processing. In the world, the main water consumer is agricultural, and it consumes
about 90% of global freshwater in the past century [38]. Scientists estimated that
60% raise in food production may be required to reach world food need by 2050 in
comparison with 2007, and therefore, it demands an increase in productivity use up
to 70 million ha of additional arable land. Interim, water exploitation for agriculture,
which currently consumes about 70% of global water, is supposed to increase slightly
by 5% by 2050, thanks to improved productivity [52]. Reaching increasing need for
water and food demand precise risk management and conditions which are related
to the connection between various food and water security attributes. Several food
security concerns are influenced by accessibility to water with acceptable quality. In
order to produce food and further downstream effects during preparing food, it is
necessary to prepare and consume sufficient water with acceptable quality. Likewise,