The Use of Biodigesters in the Treatment of Swine Manure …
113
the others remain operational. However, the equipment maintenance cost should be
considered in the future evaluation (even though it is maintaining the production
capacity of 360 kV). Once the maintenance costs are not restricted to the machine
shutdown itself (with the loss of the remuneration resulting from it), but also include:
displacement of authorized technician; replacement parts; tools; and materials and
consumables. All of these are multiplied by 4 (four), even though the relationship is
not direct according to the installed adaptation.
10 Substation
The substation is located next to the MCT, where (in addition to the transformer
responsible for raising the voltage level) there is also the switching, protection
and control equipments (such as disconnect switch, circuit breaker, and control and
measurement panels). Its role is to receive the energy generated by the generator sets
installed in the MCT and change its voltage level in the generation range (380/220 V
at 60 Hz) to a value compatible with the Primary Distribution Network (RDP), which
is provided by the electricity distributor that serves the region, Celesc. In the MCT,
the RDP is 25 kV, at 60 Hz (Fig. 3).
The circuit breaker and the disconnect switch are protective equipments. They
aim to isolate the transformer from the distribution network, once that for energy
source isolation, only a circuit breaker is used. While the circuit breaker is capable
of operating under the effect of electric voltage, as well as safely interrupting the
current flow, the disconnect switch must be operated when the system is already
interrupted (which prevents accidental system’s restart). The control panels are the
user interfaces for safely operating the equipment in the substation. Next to them
is also installed the measurement system (for project-sized operations, and higher),
which have memory resources capable of storing the quantitative of generation and
consumption perceived in the plan. In such way that the concessionaire is able,
with just a single measurement visit per month, to extract all necessary information
necessary to verify values owed by, or owed to, the producer [20, 47].
Fig. 3 External and internal view of the electricity substation. Source Pictures taken by the authors
113
the others remain operational. However, the equipment maintenance cost should be
considered in the future evaluation (even though it is maintaining the production
capacity of 360 kV). Once the maintenance costs are not restricted to the machine
shutdown itself (with the loss of the remuneration resulting from it), but also include:
displacement of authorized technician; replacement parts; tools; and materials and
consumables. All of these are multiplied by 4 (four), even though the relationship is
not direct according to the installed adaptation.
10 Substation
The substation is located next to the MCT, where (in addition to the transformer
responsible for raising the voltage level) there is also the switching, protection
and control equipments (such as disconnect switch, circuit breaker, and control and
measurement panels). Its role is to receive the energy generated by the generator sets
installed in the MCT and change its voltage level in the generation range (380/220 V
at 60 Hz) to a value compatible with the Primary Distribution Network (RDP), which
is provided by the electricity distributor that serves the region, Celesc. In the MCT,
the RDP is 25 kV, at 60 Hz (Fig. 3).
The circuit breaker and the disconnect switch are protective equipments. They
aim to isolate the transformer from the distribution network, once that for energy
source isolation, only a circuit breaker is used. While the circuit breaker is capable
of operating under the effect of electric voltage, as well as safely interrupting the
current flow, the disconnect switch must be operated when the system is already
interrupted (which prevents accidental system’s restart). The control panels are the
user interfaces for safely operating the equipment in the substation. Next to them
is also installed the measurement system (for project-sized operations, and higher),
which have memory resources capable of storing the quantitative of generation and
consumption perceived in the plan. In such way that the concessionaire is able,
with just a single measurement visit per month, to extract all necessary information
necessary to verify values owed by, or owed to, the producer [20, 47].
Fig. 3 External and internal view of the electricity substation. Source Pictures taken by the authors