231, 233, 234, 238, 241, 242, 249, 251, 252, 254, 261, 289–293,
296, 306, 309
Soil organisms, 7, 8, 33, 67, 80, 140, 281, 284, 285
Soil pH, 12, 32, 61, 63, 66, 67, 79, 93, 94, 101, 109, 124, 129, 139,
173, 192, 193, 212, 226, 239, 243, 261, 283, 284, 306
Soil profile, 2, 9, 10, 18, 22, 24–26, 28, 42, 44, 45, 51, 52, 54, 58,
60–62, 64, 75, 77, 81, 82, 88, 90, 95, 98, 102, 108, 113–116,
123, 135, 136, 146, 148, 151, 157, 166, 167, 171, 174, 180, 181,
189, 190, 196, 199, 200, 202, 206, 207, 211, 217–219, 228, 232,
234, 236, 241, 245, 252, 257, 259, 262, 268, 271, 273, 274, 278,
281, 282, 291, 294–296, 298, 299, 303, 304, 306
Soil quality, 36, 246, 301–303, 307
Soil resilience, 301, 306
Soil security, 307
Soil series, 14, 51, 106, 297
Soil sibling, 14
Soil solution, 26, 29, 103, 105, 136, 141, 168, 188, 191, 236
Soil stocks, 303–306
Soil stratigraphy, 22
Soil structure, 11, 31, 65, 66, 68, 88, 92, 93, 98, 101, 108–111, 151,
236, 239, 243, 303
Soil subgroup, 114, 148, 164, 224, 234
Soil suborder, 242, 270, 293
Soil Taxonomy, 9, 13, 14, 17, 22, 34, 35, 44, 52, 67, 68, 81, 83, 95, 96,
109, 110, 115, 126, 127, 135, 141, 158, 166, 169, 174, 175, 193,
194, 210–212, 218, 226, 227, 241, 242, 252, 261, 262, 269–271,
289–293, 296
Soil temperature regime, 96
Soil texture, 11, 14, 224, 273, 297, 306
Soil type, 14, 194, 236, 297
Soil versatility, 289, 301
Soil vulnerability, 289, 301, 302, 307
Soil water balance, 241, 253
Soil water deficit, 33, 68, 97, 141, 142, 146, 149, 155, 234, 244, 300,
301
Solar radiation, 5, 142, 253
Solifluction, 63, 106, 233, 291
Solonetzic, 231, 234, 236–245
Solute, 58, 154, 188, 282, 295
Southern Alps, 2–5, 7, 9, 61, 175, 200, 203, 222, 227, 258, 290, 291
South Island, 2–4, 7, 14, 16, 23, 42, 44, 49, 50, 57, 58, 61, 62, 68, 73,
78, 110, 113, 122, 128, 145, 146, 148, 150, 151, 157, 158, 163,
164, 166, 169, 175, 194, 205, 212, 222, 227, 228, 237, 289, 292,
293
Southland, 5, 17, 23, 29, 42, 49, 57, 60, 64, 68, 69, 102, 105, 106, 114,
129, 146, 151, 154, 159, 164, 194, 195, 222, 249, 251, 253, 254,
301
South Pole, 268, 277, 281, 298
Sparling, 110
Sphagnum, 113, 114, 116, 118, 121–123, 125, 127
Spodosol, 166, 169, 175, 290, 292
Sporodanthus, 113, 119
Spring, 47, 57, 76, 82, 108, 117, 145, 146, 149, 154, 155, 159, 189,
203, 213, 224, 240, 243–245, 250, 252, 260, 262, 263, 281, 282
Springtail, 284
Stadial, 152, 237
Stand-off pads, 36, 82, 262
Stephens, 153, 171
Stewart, 125, 136, 258
Stock adequacy, 305, 306
Stockpile, 53
Stonefields, 54
Stone-fruit, 1, 46, 231, 242, 243, 245
Stop-bank, 83, 129, 200, 209, 210, 222, 227
Storm, 62, 63, 69, 83, 97, 160, 185, 203, 205, 210, 222, 228, 229, 235,
263, 281
Storm-water, 46, 47, 54
Stormy Point, 153
Subsidence, 5, 54, 116, 117, 123, 129, 208, 273
Subtropical, 5, 47, 133, 134, 136, 141, 222
Sulfaquent, 81, 83, 212
Summit, 36, 63, 151, 153, 154, 169, 175, 205, 254, 255, 263
Super-eruption, 28, 120, 151, 182, 245
Super-volcano, 182
Surface-water gley, 77
Surville Cliffs, 137
Suspension, 10, 87, 157, 163, 167, 235, 236, 295
Swale, 28, 29, 216
Swamp, 18, 32, 33, 82, 84, 107, 116–119, 121, 124, 125, 222
Sweet briar rose, 240
Sweet potato, 2, 47
Swell, 50, 51, 101, 103, 106, 108, 110, 111, 259
Syers, 171
T
Taieri, 121, 216, 221, 222, 234
Tailings, 42, 49, 50, 52, 83, 212, 213
Taita, 65
Tamarillo, 134, 141
Tanekaha, 189
Taonga, 289, 307, 308, 310
Taranaki, 2, 4, 5, 17, 21, 22, 24, 26–28, 31, 35, 36, 58, 92, 182, 200,
205, 206, 213, 223, 293
Tararua, 4, 18, 58
Tarawera, 25, 33, 126, 179, 180, 182, 183, 186, 187, 189, 194, 195,
204, 205, 219, 220, 225
Tasman, 3, 120, 227, 235, 254
Tasman Sea, 3, 120, 235
Taumarunui, 189
Taupiri, 28
Taupo, 2, 4, 17, 21, 23, 25–28, 42, 48, 62, 90, 114, 120, 126, 151, 168,
169, 176, 179–194, 196, 206, 245, 253, 296, 297
Taupo Volcanic Centre, 182, 183
Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ), 2, 4, 90, 182, 183
Tauranga, 35, 38
Tawa, 95
Tawharanui, 263
Taxonomic diversity, 255, 290
Taxonomy, 9, 13, 14, 17, 22, 34, 35, 44, 52, 67, 68, 81, 83, 95, 96, 109,
110, 115, 119, 126, 127, 135, 141, 158, 166, 169, 174, 175, 193,
194, 210–212, 218, 226, 227, 241, 242, 252, 261, 262, 269–271,
289–293, 296
Taylor, 13, 36, 88, 99, 136, 137, 148, 168, 194, 297, 298
Taylor Valley, 282, 283
Tea, 263, 264
Tectonic plate, 1, 2, 182, 203, 223
Tectonism, 1, 106, 220, 290
Te Horo, 227
Te Kopuru, 164
Te Kowhai, 29, 30, 305
Telfer, 196
Te Maari Crater, 213
Templeton, 159
Tennyson Inlet, 253
Te Parapara, 48
Tephra, 4, 5, 9, 10, 16, 17, 21–29, 31, 34, 36, 37, 42, 45, 57, 58, 62, 63,
68, 75, 87, 89–92, 95, 96, 105, 106, 114, 116, 118, 119, 123,
125–127, 129, 133, 136, 137, 140, 151, 153, 154, 157, 164, 168,
169, 171, 172, 174, 176, 180, 182, 186–190, 192–195, 199, 200,
203, 205, 206, 208, 213, 215–220, 223, 225, 249, 252–254, 256,
257, 261, 280, 291, 293–297, 305, 306
330
Index
296, 306, 309
Soil organisms, 7, 8, 33, 67, 80, 140, 281, 284, 285
Soil pH, 12, 32, 61, 63, 66, 67, 79, 93, 94, 101, 109, 124, 129, 139,
173, 192, 193, 212, 226, 239, 243, 261, 283, 284, 306
Soil profile, 2, 9, 10, 18, 22, 24–26, 28, 42, 44, 45, 51, 52, 54, 58,
60–62, 64, 75, 77, 81, 82, 88, 90, 95, 98, 102, 108, 113–116,
123, 135, 136, 146, 148, 151, 157, 166, 167, 171, 174, 180, 181,
189, 190, 196, 199, 200, 202, 206, 207, 211, 217–219, 228, 232,
234, 236, 241, 245, 252, 257, 259, 262, 268, 271, 273, 274, 278,
281, 282, 291, 294–296, 298, 299, 303, 304, 306
Soil quality, 36, 246, 301–303, 307
Soil resilience, 301, 306
Soil security, 307
Soil series, 14, 51, 106, 297
Soil sibling, 14
Soil solution, 26, 29, 103, 105, 136, 141, 168, 188, 191, 236
Soil stocks, 303–306
Soil stratigraphy, 22
Soil structure, 11, 31, 65, 66, 68, 88, 92, 93, 98, 101, 108–111, 151,
236, 239, 243, 303
Soil subgroup, 114, 148, 164, 224, 234
Soil suborder, 242, 270, 293
Soil Taxonomy, 9, 13, 14, 17, 22, 34, 35, 44, 52, 67, 68, 81, 83, 95, 96,
109, 110, 115, 126, 127, 135, 141, 158, 166, 169, 174, 175, 193,
194, 210–212, 218, 226, 227, 241, 242, 252, 261, 262, 269–271,
289–293, 296
Soil temperature regime, 96
Soil texture, 11, 14, 224, 273, 297, 306
Soil type, 14, 194, 236, 297
Soil versatility, 289, 301
Soil vulnerability, 289, 301, 302, 307
Soil water balance, 241, 253
Soil water deficit, 33, 68, 97, 141, 142, 146, 149, 155, 234, 244, 300,
301
Solar radiation, 5, 142, 253
Solifluction, 63, 106, 233, 291
Solonetzic, 231, 234, 236–245
Solute, 58, 154, 188, 282, 295
Southern Alps, 2–5, 7, 9, 61, 175, 200, 203, 222, 227, 258, 290, 291
South Island, 2–4, 7, 14, 16, 23, 42, 44, 49, 50, 57, 58, 61, 62, 68, 73,
78, 110, 113, 122, 128, 145, 146, 148, 150, 151, 157, 158, 163,
164, 166, 169, 175, 194, 205, 212, 222, 227, 228, 237, 289, 292,
293
Southland, 5, 17, 23, 29, 42, 49, 57, 60, 64, 68, 69, 102, 105, 106, 114,
129, 146, 151, 154, 159, 164, 194, 195, 222, 249, 251, 253, 254,
301
South Pole, 268, 277, 281, 298
Sparling, 110
Sphagnum, 113, 114, 116, 118, 121–123, 125, 127
Spodosol, 166, 169, 175, 290, 292
Sporodanthus, 113, 119
Spring, 47, 57, 76, 82, 108, 117, 145, 146, 149, 154, 155, 159, 189,
203, 213, 224, 240, 243–245, 250, 252, 260, 262, 263, 281, 282
Springtail, 284
Stadial, 152, 237
Stand-off pads, 36, 82, 262
Stephens, 153, 171
Stewart, 125, 136, 258
Stock adequacy, 305, 306
Stockpile, 53
Stonefields, 54
Stone-fruit, 1, 46, 231, 242, 243, 245
Stop-bank, 83, 129, 200, 209, 210, 222, 227
Storm, 62, 63, 69, 83, 97, 160, 185, 203, 205, 210, 222, 228, 229, 235,
263, 281
Storm-water, 46, 47, 54
Stormy Point, 153
Subsidence, 5, 54, 116, 117, 123, 129, 208, 273
Subtropical, 5, 47, 133, 134, 136, 141, 222
Sulfaquent, 81, 83, 212
Summit, 36, 63, 151, 153, 154, 169, 175, 205, 254, 255, 263
Super-eruption, 28, 120, 151, 182, 245
Super-volcano, 182
Surface-water gley, 77
Surville Cliffs, 137
Suspension, 10, 87, 157, 163, 167, 235, 236, 295
Swale, 28, 29, 216
Swamp, 18, 32, 33, 82, 84, 107, 116–119, 121, 124, 125, 222
Sweet briar rose, 240
Sweet potato, 2, 47
Swell, 50, 51, 101, 103, 106, 108, 110, 111, 259
Syers, 171
T
Taieri, 121, 216, 221, 222, 234
Tailings, 42, 49, 50, 52, 83, 212, 213
Taita, 65
Tamarillo, 134, 141
Tanekaha, 189
Taonga, 289, 307, 308, 310
Taranaki, 2, 4, 5, 17, 21, 22, 24, 26–28, 31, 35, 36, 58, 92, 182, 200,
205, 206, 213, 223, 293
Tararua, 4, 18, 58
Tarawera, 25, 33, 126, 179, 180, 182, 183, 186, 187, 189, 194, 195,
204, 205, 219, 220, 225
Tasman, 3, 120, 227, 235, 254
Tasman Sea, 3, 120, 235
Taumarunui, 189
Taupiri, 28
Taupo, 2, 4, 17, 21, 23, 25–28, 42, 48, 62, 90, 114, 120, 126, 151, 168,
169, 176, 179–194, 196, 206, 245, 253, 296, 297
Taupo Volcanic Centre, 182, 183
Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ), 2, 4, 90, 182, 183
Tauranga, 35, 38
Tawa, 95
Tawharanui, 263
Taxonomic diversity, 255, 290
Taxonomy, 9, 13, 14, 17, 22, 34, 35, 44, 52, 67, 68, 81, 83, 95, 96, 109,
110, 115, 119, 126, 127, 135, 141, 158, 166, 169, 174, 175, 193,
194, 210–212, 218, 226, 227, 241, 242, 252, 261, 262, 269–271,
289–293, 296
Taylor, 13, 36, 88, 99, 136, 137, 148, 168, 194, 297, 298
Taylor Valley, 282, 283
Tea, 263, 264
Tectonic plate, 1, 2, 182, 203, 223
Tectonism, 1, 106, 220, 290
Te Horo, 227
Te Kopuru, 164
Te Kowhai, 29, 30, 305
Telfer, 196
Te Maari Crater, 213
Templeton, 159
Tennyson Inlet, 253
Te Parapara, 48
Tephra, 4, 5, 9, 10, 16, 17, 21–29, 31, 34, 36, 37, 42, 45, 57, 58, 62, 63,
68, 75, 87, 89–92, 95, 96, 105, 106, 114, 116, 118, 119, 123,
125–127, 129, 133, 136, 137, 140, 151, 153, 154, 157, 164, 168,
169, 171, 172, 174, 176, 180, 182, 186–190, 192–195, 199, 200,
203, 205, 206, 208, 213, 215–220, 223, 225, 249, 252–254, 256,
257, 261, 280, 291, 293–297, 305, 306
330
Index