Ruahihi, 38
Ruahine, 4
Ruapehu, 4, 21, 22, 26, 27, 35, 182–184, 200, 205, 206, 208, 214
Rukuhia, 114, 118–121, 124, 125, 128
Rushes, 74, 78, 80, 113, 114, 116, 117, 119, 122, 125, 224, 242, 244,
293
Russia, 12, 59
S
Sahetapy-Engel, 183
Saline, 75, 83, 117, 201, 205, 207, 209, 210, 212, 218, 234–236, 240
Saline-sodic, 236
Salinisation, 231, 244
Saltmarsh, 117
Salts, 206, 212, 231, 233–241, 243, 244, 267, 269, 271, 273–275, 278,
280–286
Sand, 3, 4, 11–13, 16, 18, 28, 31, 32, 47–49, 51, 57, 58, 60, 61, 65, 68,
75, 78, 83, 93, 107, 120, 123, 139, 148, 150–152, 154, 156, 159,
164, 166, 167, 169, 171–173, 179, 180, 191–193, 199, 200,
205–208, 210, 213, 216–221, 223–225, 227, 228, 235, 237–239,
241, 243, 252, 253, 260, 267, 268, 270, 271, 273–276, 278, 279,
281, 282, 296
Sand dune, 16, 18, 57, 60, 68, 83, 169, 173, 199, 205, 206, 215–217,
227, 228, 267, 270, 271
Sandflat, 83, 206
Sandstone, 3, 22, 61, 63, 64, 101, 102, 105, 169, 172, 249, 252, 255,
257, 258, 269, 273, 279, 280
Saprolite, 58, 65, 136, 137, 252, 253, 257, 258
Sattler, 291
Saturation, 38, 44, 66, 67, 74–76, 80–82, 88, 93, 96, 101, 108, 139,
140, 145, 148, 154, 155, 167, 174, 233, 240, 243, 250, 259, 260,
282, 283, 303
Scale, 2, 18, 29, 34, 43, 47, 61–63, 69, 74, 104, 115, 136, 150, 158,
169, 182, 184, 191, 195, 196, 203, 208, 218, 220, 221, 229, 236,
271, 273, 274, 276, 284, 290, 291, 297, 298, 300, 302, 303
Scale of mapping, 297
Scale of visualisation, 298, 300
Schipper, 110, 119, 123, 127
Schist, 3, 16, 26, 31, 57, 58, 60, 63, 64, 106, 154, 172, 223, 231,
233–235, 237, 238, 241, 243, 249, 253, 258, 259
Schreibersite, 279
Schwertmanite, 83
Scoria, 22, 26, 31, 36, 133, 137, 180, 186, 195, 200–202, 205, 208,
220, 273
Scott, 268, 281, 284
Scott Base, 281
Scrub, 2, 140, 158, 192, 196, 240
Scrubland, 158, 194
Sea level, 3–5, 83, 119, 123, 129, 205, 220, 221, 253, 276, 281
Seals, 283
Secondary mineral, 136, 164, 224
Seddon Park, 50
Sedge, 114, 121–123
Seelye, 194
Selby, 196, 223, 256, 276, 280
Semiarid, 1, 16, 17, 49, 57, 63, 67, 119, 151, 157, 164, 224, 231–246,
249, 258, 270, 291, 293, 296
Sensitive soils, 38
Sesquioxide, 34, 95, 167
Shackleton, 268
Shale, 280
Shannon, 18
Sheep, 18, 57, 68, 81, 84, 106, 158, 160, 179, 194, 195, 240, 242, 245,
262, 297, 306, 307
Sheet, 14, 29, 34, 36, 97, 110, 142, 151, 153, 185
Shepherd, 303
Shorland, 194
Short-range order, 29, 30
Shoulder, 154, 175, 205, 223, 263
Shrink, 50, 51, 101–103, 106, 108, 110, 111, 123
Shrubland, 4, 91, 95, 158, 240, 242, 253
Sibling, 14
Silica, 4, 26, 31, 36, 65, 91, 92, 136, 137, 146, 155, 166, 168, 169, 172,
173, 179–181, 195, 205, 253, 291
Silicon, 23, 24, 26, 29, 61, 65, 136, 163, 167, 169, 188, 191, 238
Silicon-leaching model, 26
Silt, 3, 4, 11–13, 18, 28, 29, 31, 32, 61, 65, 76, 93, 105, 107, 123, 139,
145, 146, 148–154, 156, 159, 164, 171, 172, 175, 180, 191, 192,
208, 210, 216, 219, 220, 223–225, 227, 237–239, 252, 258, 260,
281
Siltstone, 3, 64, 149, 241, 255, 257, 258
Silverstream, 221
SINDI, 302, 303
Singleton, 30, 49
Sinter, 204, 205
Skeletal soil, 227
Skippers Canyon, 63
Skua, 283
Slake, 133, 140, 149, 252
Slickenside, 103, 104, 108, 110
Slip, 2, 209, 223, 224, 229, 237
Sluicing, 52, 237, 242, 244
Smale, 229
S-map, 14, 18, 137, 298, 299, 302, 307
Smectite, 51, 101, 103, 105, 106, 108–110, 173, 258, 259, 280
Snow, 5, 7, 122, 242, 267–269, 271–273, 275, 281, 282, 284, 285
Soft rocks, 5, 63, 69, 214, 223, 224, 229
Soil aggregate, 8, 11, 13, 68, 92, 108–111, 133, 140, 151, 236, 239
Soil association, 18, 26, 29, 148
Soil carbon, 9, 12, 33, 98, 108, 127, 140, 192, 289, 294
Soil class, 96, 255, 298
Soil classification, 1, 2, 9, 12–14, 16, 17, 19, 23, 34, 35, 51, 52, 59, 62,
67, 68, 75, 77, 80–82, 88, 95, 96, 102, 110, 114, 117, 122, 123,
125–127, 133, 134, 141, 148, 157, 158, 164, 166, 174, 180, 194,
200, 211, 227, 241, 242, 262, 293, 297, 301, 309
Soil colour, 11, 12, 17, 73, 76, 77, 82, 141, 155, 158, 271, 297
Soil complex, 18, 29, 137
Soil consistence, 227
Soil erosion, 9, 69, 97, 110, 159, 160, 195, 215, 242, 245, 298, 302
Soil evolution, 207
Soil fabric, 87, 149–151, 257
Soil family, 14
Soil formation, 2, 4, 7, 24, 25, 58, 60, 64, 89, 94, 105, 136, 154, 157,
173, 187, 190, 202, 205, 215, 216, 218, 252, 294–296
Soil-forming factors, 234, 295
Soil group, 14, 23, 24, 44, 58, 59, 64, 67, 68, 75, 80, 88, 102, 104, 110,
111, 114, 127, 134, 146, 148, 158, 159, 164, 166, 169, 174, 175,
180, 181, 193, 200–202, 207, 211, 212, 217, 218, 233, 234, 242,
251, 252
Soil horizon, 4, 10–12, 16, 22, 24, 25, 42, 45, 51, 76, 87, 92, 149, 153,
168, 169, 171, 179, 188, 202, 207, 219, 220, 235, 252, 257, 294,
298, 304, 306
Soil indicators, 302, 303
Soil individual, 303
Soil moisture regime, 42, 81, 158, 241
Soil morphology, 49, 158, 278
Soil natural capital, 303, 304, 306, 307
Soil order, 1, 2, 14–19, 21–24, 34, 41, 42, 44, 51, 57–60, 64, 67, 73, 75,
78, 80, 87, 88, 90, 95, 101, 102, 104, 106, 109, 110, 113–116,
118, 122, 125, 133–135, 140, 145, 146, 148, 157, 163, 164, 166,
174, 179–182, 192, 193, 199, 200, 202, 203, 211, 215–219, 226,
Index
329
Ruahine, 4
Ruapehu, 4, 21, 22, 26, 27, 35, 182–184, 200, 205, 206, 208, 214
Rukuhia, 114, 118–121, 124, 125, 128
Rushes, 74, 78, 80, 113, 114, 116, 117, 119, 122, 125, 224, 242, 244,
293
Russia, 12, 59
S
Sahetapy-Engel, 183
Saline, 75, 83, 117, 201, 205, 207, 209, 210, 212, 218, 234–236, 240
Saline-sodic, 236
Salinisation, 231, 244
Saltmarsh, 117
Salts, 206, 212, 231, 233–241, 243, 244, 267, 269, 271, 273–275, 278,
280–286
Sand, 3, 4, 11–13, 16, 18, 28, 31, 32, 47–49, 51, 57, 58, 60, 61, 65, 68,
75, 78, 83, 93, 107, 120, 123, 139, 148, 150–152, 154, 156, 159,
164, 166, 167, 169, 171–173, 179, 180, 191–193, 199, 200,
205–208, 210, 213, 216–221, 223–225, 227, 228, 235, 237–239,
241, 243, 252, 253, 260, 267, 268, 270, 271, 273–276, 278, 279,
281, 282, 296
Sand dune, 16, 18, 57, 60, 68, 83, 169, 173, 199, 205, 206, 215–217,
227, 228, 267, 270, 271
Sandflat, 83, 206
Sandstone, 3, 22, 61, 63, 64, 101, 102, 105, 169, 172, 249, 252, 255,
257, 258, 269, 273, 279, 280
Saprolite, 58, 65, 136, 137, 252, 253, 257, 258
Sattler, 291
Saturation, 38, 44, 66, 67, 74–76, 80–82, 88, 93, 96, 101, 108, 139,
140, 145, 148, 154, 155, 167, 174, 233, 240, 243, 250, 259, 260,
282, 283, 303
Scale, 2, 18, 29, 34, 43, 47, 61–63, 69, 74, 104, 115, 136, 150, 158,
169, 182, 184, 191, 195, 196, 203, 208, 218, 220, 221, 229, 236,
271, 273, 274, 276, 284, 290, 291, 297, 298, 300, 302, 303
Scale of mapping, 297
Scale of visualisation, 298, 300
Schipper, 110, 119, 123, 127
Schist, 3, 16, 26, 31, 57, 58, 60, 63, 64, 106, 154, 172, 223, 231,
233–235, 237, 238, 241, 243, 249, 253, 258, 259
Schreibersite, 279
Schwertmanite, 83
Scoria, 22, 26, 31, 36, 133, 137, 180, 186, 195, 200–202, 205, 208,
220, 273
Scott, 268, 281, 284
Scott Base, 281
Scrub, 2, 140, 158, 192, 196, 240
Scrubland, 158, 194
Sea level, 3–5, 83, 119, 123, 129, 205, 220, 221, 253, 276, 281
Seals, 283
Secondary mineral, 136, 164, 224
Seddon Park, 50
Sedge, 114, 121–123
Seelye, 194
Selby, 196, 223, 256, 276, 280
Semiarid, 1, 16, 17, 49, 57, 63, 67, 119, 151, 157, 164, 224, 231–246,
249, 258, 270, 291, 293, 296
Sensitive soils, 38
Sesquioxide, 34, 95, 167
Shackleton, 268
Shale, 280
Shannon, 18
Sheep, 18, 57, 68, 81, 84, 106, 158, 160, 179, 194, 195, 240, 242, 245,
262, 297, 306, 307
Sheet, 14, 29, 34, 36, 97, 110, 142, 151, 153, 185
Shepherd, 303
Shorland, 194
Short-range order, 29, 30
Shoulder, 154, 175, 205, 223, 263
Shrink, 50, 51, 101–103, 106, 108, 110, 111, 123
Shrubland, 4, 91, 95, 158, 240, 242, 253
Sibling, 14
Silica, 4, 26, 31, 36, 65, 91, 92, 136, 137, 146, 155, 166, 168, 169, 172,
173, 179–181, 195, 205, 253, 291
Silicon, 23, 24, 26, 29, 61, 65, 136, 163, 167, 169, 188, 191, 238
Silicon-leaching model, 26
Silt, 3, 4, 11–13, 18, 28, 29, 31, 32, 61, 65, 76, 93, 105, 107, 123, 139,
145, 146, 148–154, 156, 159, 164, 171, 172, 175, 180, 191, 192,
208, 210, 216, 219, 220, 223–225, 227, 237–239, 252, 258, 260,
281
Siltstone, 3, 64, 149, 241, 255, 257, 258
Silverstream, 221
SINDI, 302, 303
Singleton, 30, 49
Sinter, 204, 205
Skeletal soil, 227
Skippers Canyon, 63
Skua, 283
Slake, 133, 140, 149, 252
Slickenside, 103, 104, 108, 110
Slip, 2, 209, 223, 224, 229, 237
Sluicing, 52, 237, 242, 244
Smale, 229
S-map, 14, 18, 137, 298, 299, 302, 307
Smectite, 51, 101, 103, 105, 106, 108–110, 173, 258, 259, 280
Snow, 5, 7, 122, 242, 267–269, 271–273, 275, 281, 282, 284, 285
Soft rocks, 5, 63, 69, 214, 223, 224, 229
Soil aggregate, 8, 11, 13, 68, 92, 108–111, 133, 140, 151, 236, 239
Soil association, 18, 26, 29, 148
Soil carbon, 9, 12, 33, 98, 108, 127, 140, 192, 289, 294
Soil class, 96, 255, 298
Soil classification, 1, 2, 9, 12–14, 16, 17, 19, 23, 34, 35, 51, 52, 59, 62,
67, 68, 75, 77, 80–82, 88, 95, 96, 102, 110, 114, 117, 122, 123,
125–127, 133, 134, 141, 148, 157, 158, 164, 166, 174, 180, 194,
200, 211, 227, 241, 242, 262, 293, 297, 301, 309
Soil colour, 11, 12, 17, 73, 76, 77, 82, 141, 155, 158, 271, 297
Soil complex, 18, 29, 137
Soil consistence, 227
Soil erosion, 9, 69, 97, 110, 159, 160, 195, 215, 242, 245, 298, 302
Soil evolution, 207
Soil fabric, 87, 149–151, 257
Soil family, 14
Soil formation, 2, 4, 7, 24, 25, 58, 60, 64, 89, 94, 105, 136, 154, 157,
173, 187, 190, 202, 205, 215, 216, 218, 252, 294–296
Soil-forming factors, 234, 295
Soil group, 14, 23, 24, 44, 58, 59, 64, 67, 68, 75, 80, 88, 102, 104, 110,
111, 114, 127, 134, 146, 148, 158, 159, 164, 166, 169, 174, 175,
180, 181, 193, 200–202, 207, 211, 212, 217, 218, 233, 234, 242,
251, 252
Soil horizon, 4, 10–12, 16, 22, 24, 25, 42, 45, 51, 76, 87, 92, 149, 153,
168, 169, 171, 179, 188, 202, 207, 219, 220, 235, 252, 257, 294,
298, 304, 306
Soil indicators, 302, 303
Soil individual, 303
Soil moisture regime, 42, 81, 158, 241
Soil morphology, 49, 158, 278
Soil natural capital, 303, 304, 306, 307
Soil order, 1, 2, 14–19, 21–24, 34, 41, 42, 44, 51, 57–60, 64, 67, 73, 75,
78, 80, 87, 88, 90, 95, 101, 102, 104, 106, 109, 110, 113–116,
118, 122, 125, 133–135, 140, 145, 146, 148, 157, 163, 164, 166,
174, 179–182, 192, 193, 199, 200, 202, 203, 211, 215–219, 226,
Index
329