A and alienanin B and C, epigallocatechin gallate in the rat models which had been
pre-treated with different tumour initiators like 7,12-dimethylbenzo[a]anthracene
(DMBA), tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, teleocidin (Okuda 2005). Apple and red
wine proanthocyanidins inhibited tumor promotion with azoxymethane induced
colon carcinomas in rat models (Serrano et al. 2009). Procyanidins hexamer from
cocoa and Japanese quince exerted anti-cancer activity arrests G 2 /M cell cycle colorectal cancer cells, which can possibly be mediated by the Akt pathway (Choy et al.
2016) and showed pro‐apoptotic effects on caco‐2 colon cancer cells respectively
(Gorlach et al. 2011; Saha and Pal 2016; Sannigrahi et al. 2012; Saha et al. 2017; Rani
et al. 2016; Pal et al. 2012).
Ellagic acid inhibits the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells, by G 0 /G 1 cell
cycle arrest (Chen et al. 2015). Another research briefly explains about androgen
independent prostate cancer cells suppression by cell invasion and motility or the
down-regulation of MMPs by ellagitannins (Pitchakarn et al. 2013) and at higher
dose, ellagic acid treatment was found to be effective to induce growth inhibition
and caspase-dependent apoptosis in PC3 prostate cancer cells in a dose
approachable manner (Malik et al. 2011).
Gallic acid from blackberry, raspberry, walnuts, chocolate, wine, green tea and
vinegar may inhibits the migration of AGS gastric cancer cells possibly by
up-regulating RhoB as well as down-regulating AKT/small GTPase signalling
pathways and regulating NF-jB activity (Ho et al. 2013). It also showed
ROS-dependent pro-apoptotic effects in different cell lines, such as HCT-15 colon
cancer cells (L H Russell et al. 2012) and LNCaP prostate cancer cells
(Subramanian et al. 2016). Gallic acid treatment can selectively inhibited growth of
liver cancer cells through the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways (Sun et al.
2016). However, gallic acid suppressed the invasion and migration of PC3 prostate
cancer cells via the down-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 (Liu et al. 2011) or
decreased cell proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis of HeLa and HTB-35 cervical cancer cell lines (Zhao and Hu 2013).
Among anthocyanins, delphinidin exhibits strong anticancer activities by
inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in several types of cancer. The cytotoxic
effect of delphidine is believed to be due to the suppression of the nuclear factor
kappa B (NF-jB) pathway (Bin Hafeez et al. 2008). Another research study
proves that peonidin-3-glucoside treatment pointedly down-regulates the matrix
metalloproteinase (MMP) and prevents lung cancer cells invasion and metastasis
(Liu et al. 2013).
A study showed that epigallocatechin gallate treatment suppressed
nicotine-induced migration and invasion of lung cancer cell lines in-vitro as well as
in-vivo through inhibition of angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition
(EMT) (Shi et al. 2015). Another study found that epigallocatechin gallate inhibits
survivin (a potent anti-apoptotic protein) and induces apoptosis (Onoda et al. 2011) or
prevents b-catenin/Wnt oncogenic signalling pathway to several gastric cancer cell
lines (Tanaka et al. 2011). Another study on colon cancer suggested that the Akt,
extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK 1 or 2) and alternative p38MAPK signaling
pathways were involved in the chemopreventive effects of epigallocatechin gallate
21 Tannins and Polyphenols Extracted from Natural Plants …
741
pre-treated with different tumour initiators like 7,12-dimethylbenzo[a]anthracene
(DMBA), tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, teleocidin (Okuda 2005). Apple and red
wine proanthocyanidins inhibited tumor promotion with azoxymethane induced
colon carcinomas in rat models (Serrano et al. 2009). Procyanidins hexamer from
cocoa and Japanese quince exerted anti-cancer activity arrests G 2 /M cell cycle colorectal cancer cells, which can possibly be mediated by the Akt pathway (Choy et al.
2016) and showed pro‐apoptotic effects on caco‐2 colon cancer cells respectively
(Gorlach et al. 2011; Saha and Pal 2016; Sannigrahi et al. 2012; Saha et al. 2017; Rani
et al. 2016; Pal et al. 2012).
Ellagic acid inhibits the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells, by G 0 /G 1 cell
cycle arrest (Chen et al. 2015). Another research briefly explains about androgen
independent prostate cancer cells suppression by cell invasion and motility or the
down-regulation of MMPs by ellagitannins (Pitchakarn et al. 2013) and at higher
dose, ellagic acid treatment was found to be effective to induce growth inhibition
and caspase-dependent apoptosis in PC3 prostate cancer cells in a dose
approachable manner (Malik et al. 2011).
Gallic acid from blackberry, raspberry, walnuts, chocolate, wine, green tea and
vinegar may inhibits the migration of AGS gastric cancer cells possibly by
up-regulating RhoB as well as down-regulating AKT/small GTPase signalling
pathways and regulating NF-jB activity (Ho et al. 2013). It also showed
ROS-dependent pro-apoptotic effects in different cell lines, such as HCT-15 colon
cancer cells (L H Russell et al. 2012) and LNCaP prostate cancer cells
(Subramanian et al. 2016). Gallic acid treatment can selectively inhibited growth of
liver cancer cells through the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways (Sun et al.
2016). However, gallic acid suppressed the invasion and migration of PC3 prostate
cancer cells via the down-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 (Liu et al. 2011) or
decreased cell proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis of HeLa and HTB-35 cervical cancer cell lines (Zhao and Hu 2013).
Among anthocyanins, delphinidin exhibits strong anticancer activities by
inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in several types of cancer. The cytotoxic
effect of delphidine is believed to be due to the suppression of the nuclear factor
kappa B (NF-jB) pathway (Bin Hafeez et al. 2008). Another research study
proves that peonidin-3-glucoside treatment pointedly down-regulates the matrix
metalloproteinase (MMP) and prevents lung cancer cells invasion and metastasis
(Liu et al. 2013).
A study showed that epigallocatechin gallate treatment suppressed
nicotine-induced migration and invasion of lung cancer cell lines in-vitro as well as
in-vivo through inhibition of angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition
(EMT) (Shi et al. 2015). Another study found that epigallocatechin gallate inhibits
survivin (a potent anti-apoptotic protein) and induces apoptosis (Onoda et al. 2011) or
prevents b-catenin/Wnt oncogenic signalling pathway to several gastric cancer cell
lines (Tanaka et al. 2011). Another study on colon cancer suggested that the Akt,
extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK 1 or 2) and alternative p38MAPK signaling
pathways were involved in the chemopreventive effects of epigallocatechin gallate
21 Tannins and Polyphenols Extracted from Natural Plants …
741