Kamath SG, Chen N, Xiong Y, Wenham R, Apte S, Humphrey M, Cragun J, Lancaster JM (2009)
Gedunin, a novel natural substance, inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Int J Gynecol
Cancer Offic J Int Gynecol Cancer Soc 19(9):1564–1569. https://doi.org/10.1111/IGC.
0b013e3181a83135
Kaplan KB, Li R (2012) A prescription for ‘stress’—the role of Hsp90 in genome stability and
cellular adaptation. Trends Cell Biol 22(11):576–583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2012.08.
006
Khalid SA, Farouk A, Geary TG, Jensen JB (1986) Potential antimalarial candidates from African
plants: an in vitro approach using Plasmodium falciparum. J Ethnopharmacol 15(2):201–209.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(86)90156-X
Khaw KY, Parat MO, Shaw PN, Falconer JR (2017) Solvent supercritical fluid technologies to
extract bioactive compounds from natural sources: a review. Molecules 22(7). https://doi.org/
10.3390/molecules22071186
Kikuchi T, Ishii K, Noto T, Takahashi A, Tabata K, Suzuki T, Akihisa T (2011) Cytotoxic and
apoptosis-inducing activities of limonoids from the seeds of Azadirachta indica (neem). J Nat
Prod 74(4):866–870. https://doi.org/10.1021/np100783k
Kishore TK, Ganugula R, Gade DR, Reddy GB, Nagini S (2016) Gedunin abrogates aldose
reductase, PI3K/Akt/mToR, and NF-kappaB signaling pathways to inhibit angiogenesis in a
hamster model of oral carcinogenesis. Tumour Biol J Int Soc Oncodevelop Biol Med 37
(2):2083–2093. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-015-4003-0
Koul O, Multani JS, Singh G, Daniewski WM, and Berlozecki S (2003) J Agric Food Chem 51
(10):2937–2942. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf021049m
Kumar VS, Navaratnam V (2013) Neem (Azadirachta indica): prehistory to contemporary
medicinal uses to humankind. Asian Pacific J Tropic Biomed 3(7):505–514
Lakshmi V, Singh N, Shrivastva S, Mishra SK, Dharmani P, Mishra V, Palit G (2010) Gedunin
and photogedunin of Xylocarpus granatum show significant anti-secretory effects and protect
the gastric mucosa of peptic ulcer in rats. Phytomed Int J Phytotherapy Phytopharmacol 17(8–
9):569–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2009.10.016
Lamb J, Crawford ED, Peck D, Modell JW, Blat IC, Wrobel MJ, Lerner J, Brunet JP,
Subramanian A, Ross KN, Reich M, Hieronymus H, Wei G, Armstrong SA, Haggarty SJ,
Clemons PA, Wei R, Carr SA, Lander ES, Golub TR (2006) The connectivity map: using
gene-expression signatures to connect small molecules, genes, and disease. Science (New
York, NY) 313(5795):1929–1935. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1132939
Leeds P, Leng Y, Chalecka-Franaszek E, Chuang DM (2005) Neurotrophins protect against
cytosine arabinoside-induced apoptosis of immature rat cerebellar neurons. Neurochem Int 46
(1):61–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2004.07.001
Li H, Wu J-G, Zhang H-W, Wang W, Zhang Y-X, Zhang J-n (2018) Inhibition of proliferation,
invasion and migration in U-251 mg glioblastoma cell line by gedunin. Int J Pharmacol 14
(4):522–527
Lindholm D, Dechant G, Heisenberg CP, Thoenen H (1993) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a
survival factor for cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons and protects them against
glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Eur J Neurosci 5(11):1455–1464. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.
1460-9568.1993.tb00213.x
Lu Y, Ansar S, Michaelis ML, Blagg BS (2009) Neuroprotective activity and evaluation of Hsp90
inhibitors in an immortalized neuronal cell line. Bioorg Med Chem 17(4):1709–1715. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2008.12.047
MacKinnon S, Durst T, Arnason JT, Angerhofer C, Pezzuto J, Sanchez-Vindas PE, Poveda LJ,
Gbeassor M (1997) Antimalarial activity of tropical Meliaceae extracts and gedunin
derivatives. J Nat Prod 60(4):336–341. https://doi.org/10.1021/np9605394
Medzhitov R (2008) Origin and physiological roles of inflammation. Nature 454(7203):428–435.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07201
Misra S, Verma M, Mishra SK, Srivastava S, Lakshmi V, Misra-Bhattacharya S (2011) Gedunin
and photogedunin of Xylocarpus granatum possess antifilarial activity against human
584
Y. S. Ong et al.
Gedunin, a novel natural substance, inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Int J Gynecol
Cancer Offic J Int Gynecol Cancer Soc 19(9):1564–1569. https://doi.org/10.1111/IGC.
0b013e3181a83135
Kaplan KB, Li R (2012) A prescription for ‘stress’—the role of Hsp90 in genome stability and
cellular adaptation. Trends Cell Biol 22(11):576–583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2012.08.
006
Khalid SA, Farouk A, Geary TG, Jensen JB (1986) Potential antimalarial candidates from African
plants: an in vitro approach using Plasmodium falciparum. J Ethnopharmacol 15(2):201–209.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(86)90156-X
Khaw KY, Parat MO, Shaw PN, Falconer JR (2017) Solvent supercritical fluid technologies to
extract bioactive compounds from natural sources: a review. Molecules 22(7). https://doi.org/
10.3390/molecules22071186
Kikuchi T, Ishii K, Noto T, Takahashi A, Tabata K, Suzuki T, Akihisa T (2011) Cytotoxic and
apoptosis-inducing activities of limonoids from the seeds of Azadirachta indica (neem). J Nat
Prod 74(4):866–870. https://doi.org/10.1021/np100783k
Kishore TK, Ganugula R, Gade DR, Reddy GB, Nagini S (2016) Gedunin abrogates aldose
reductase, PI3K/Akt/mToR, and NF-kappaB signaling pathways to inhibit angiogenesis in a
hamster model of oral carcinogenesis. Tumour Biol J Int Soc Oncodevelop Biol Med 37
(2):2083–2093. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-015-4003-0
Koul O, Multani JS, Singh G, Daniewski WM, and Berlozecki S (2003) J Agric Food Chem 51
(10):2937–2942. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf021049m
Kumar VS, Navaratnam V (2013) Neem (Azadirachta indica): prehistory to contemporary
medicinal uses to humankind. Asian Pacific J Tropic Biomed 3(7):505–514
Lakshmi V, Singh N, Shrivastva S, Mishra SK, Dharmani P, Mishra V, Palit G (2010) Gedunin
and photogedunin of Xylocarpus granatum show significant anti-secretory effects and protect
the gastric mucosa of peptic ulcer in rats. Phytomed Int J Phytotherapy Phytopharmacol 17(8–
9):569–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2009.10.016
Lamb J, Crawford ED, Peck D, Modell JW, Blat IC, Wrobel MJ, Lerner J, Brunet JP,
Subramanian A, Ross KN, Reich M, Hieronymus H, Wei G, Armstrong SA, Haggarty SJ,
Clemons PA, Wei R, Carr SA, Lander ES, Golub TR (2006) The connectivity map: using
gene-expression signatures to connect small molecules, genes, and disease. Science (New
York, NY) 313(5795):1929–1935. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1132939
Leeds P, Leng Y, Chalecka-Franaszek E, Chuang DM (2005) Neurotrophins protect against
cytosine arabinoside-induced apoptosis of immature rat cerebellar neurons. Neurochem Int 46
(1):61–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2004.07.001
Li H, Wu J-G, Zhang H-W, Wang W, Zhang Y-X, Zhang J-n (2018) Inhibition of proliferation,
invasion and migration in U-251 mg glioblastoma cell line by gedunin. Int J Pharmacol 14
(4):522–527
Lindholm D, Dechant G, Heisenberg CP, Thoenen H (1993) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a
survival factor for cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons and protects them against
glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Eur J Neurosci 5(11):1455–1464. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.
1460-9568.1993.tb00213.x
Lu Y, Ansar S, Michaelis ML, Blagg BS (2009) Neuroprotective activity and evaluation of Hsp90
inhibitors in an immortalized neuronal cell line. Bioorg Med Chem 17(4):1709–1715. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2008.12.047
MacKinnon S, Durst T, Arnason JT, Angerhofer C, Pezzuto J, Sanchez-Vindas PE, Poveda LJ,
Gbeassor M (1997) Antimalarial activity of tropical Meliaceae extracts and gedunin
derivatives. J Nat Prod 60(4):336–341. https://doi.org/10.1021/np9605394
Medzhitov R (2008) Origin and physiological roles of inflammation. Nature 454(7203):428–435.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07201
Misra S, Verma M, Mishra SK, Srivastava S, Lakshmi V, Misra-Bhattacharya S (2011) Gedunin
and photogedunin of Xylocarpus granatum possess antifilarial activity against human
584
Y. S. Ong et al.