Table 16.1
(continued)
Bioactivities
Gedunin/Derivatives
Experimental model
Efficacy
References
7-deacetylgedunin
In vitro parasitized human O
+
erythrocyte
with Plasmodium falciparum
1
lM
a
Khalid et al.
(1986)
Salannin
Inhibit expression levels of nitric oxide and
COX proteins
30–50
lM
Akihisa et al.
(2017)
7-deacetylgedunin
Anti-parasitic
Gedunin
In vitro parasitized human O
+
erythrocyte
with Plasmodium falciparum
1.25
lg/mL
a
Bickii et al.
(2000)
In vivo Plamodium berghei-infected
experimental model
50 mg kg
−1
day
−1b
to
achieve 44.6% parasitaemia
clearance
50 mg kg
−1
day
−1b
synergize with
25 mg kg
−1
day
−1
dillapiol
to achieve 70% parasitaemia
clearance
Omar et al.
(2003b)
In vivo Plamodium berghei-infected
experimental model
50 mg kg
−1
day
−1b
to
achieve 44% parasitaemia
clearance
50 mg kg
−1
day
−1b
synergize with
25 mg kg
−1
day
−1
dillapiol
to achieve 75% parasitaemia
clearance
Omar et al.
(2003a)
In vitro parasitized human O
+
erythrocyte
with Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina,
Babesia caballi and Theleria equi
Babesia bovis:
21.72
lM
a
Babesia bigemina:
15.25
lM
a
Babesia caballi:
22.1
lM
a
Theleria equi:
33.21
lM
a
Azirwan
et al. (2019)
(continued)
570
Y. S. Ong et al.