15.7 Future Perspective and Conclusion
DM is a metabolic syndrome that is difficult to define due to the conditions it has
and the alternatives used to control or decrease it. The use of phytochemical
compounds plays important roles in DM control based on the state of homeostasis
inducing antioxidant enzymes by large amounts of reactive oxidation species by
controlling Nrf2. And this provides us with tools to apply antioxidant therapies to
treat DM. Therefore, precision medicine targeting a certain type of antioxidant in
specific cells in a limited period of time can be helpful in treating the disease.
Lifestyle changes and better control of diet are more effective than medicines to
prevent the disease. On the other hand, clinical trials have positively described
changes in biomarkers in diabetes and other diseases when using polyphenolic
compounds, but there is still a long way to go in establishing the dose and type of
phenolic compound responsible for the preventive potential and/or therapeutic
effects against these chronic diseases. Accordingly, all of the medicinal plants
described in this review suggest that the content of phytochemical compounds they
contain may be used as a strategy to improve glucose/insulin homeostasis through
increased insulin sensitivity, leading to preservation. of function of pancreatic islets
in a prediabetic condition. The low availability of the isolated compounds also leads
us to investigate other alternatives to improve bioavailability such as the use of
microencapsulates.
References
Abeywickrama K, Ratnasooriya W, Amarakoon A (2011) Oral hypoglycaemic, antihyperglycaemic and antidiabetic activities of Sri Lankan Broken Orange Pekoe Fannings (BOPF) grade
black tea (Camellia sinensis L.) in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 135(2):278–286
Agada R, Usman WA, Shehu S, Thagariki D (2020) In vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of
Carica papaya seed on a-amylase and a-glucosidase enzymes. Heliyon 6(3):e03618
Ahmad A, Husain A, Mujeeb M, Khan SA, Najmi AK, Siddique NA, Damanhouri ZA, Anwar F
(2013) A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: a miracle herb. Asian Pac J Trop
Biomed 3(5):337–352
Akash MSH, Rehman K, Chen S (2014) Spice plant Allium cepa: dietary supplement for treatment
of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition 30(10):1128–1137
Alam F, Islam A, Khalil I, Hua Gan S (2016) Metabolic control of type 2 diabetes by targeting the
GLUT4 glucose transporter: intervention approaches. Curr Pharm Des 22(20):3034–3049
Ali-Shtayeh MS, Jamous RM, Jamous RM (2012) Complementary and alternative medicine use
amongst Palestinian diabetic patients. Complementary Ther Clin Pract 18(1):16–21
Amalan V, Vijayakumar N, Indumathi D, Ramakrishnan A (2016) Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity of p-coumaric acid in diabetic rats, role of pancreatic GLUT 2: In vivo
approach. Biomed Pharmacother 84:230–236
Ameer OZ, Salman IM, Asmawi MZ, Ibraheem ZO, Yam MF (2012) Orthosiphon stamineus:
traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. J Med Food 15(8):678–690
Amjad S, Jafri A, Sharma A, Serajuddin M (2019) A novel strategy of nanotized herbal drugs and
their delivery in the treatment of diabetes: present status and future prospects. J Herb Med
100279
15 Role of Natural Bio-active Compounds …
553
DM is a metabolic syndrome that is difficult to define due to the conditions it has
and the alternatives used to control or decrease it. The use of phytochemical
compounds plays important roles in DM control based on the state of homeostasis
inducing antioxidant enzymes by large amounts of reactive oxidation species by
controlling Nrf2. And this provides us with tools to apply antioxidant therapies to
treat DM. Therefore, precision medicine targeting a certain type of antioxidant in
specific cells in a limited period of time can be helpful in treating the disease.
Lifestyle changes and better control of diet are more effective than medicines to
prevent the disease. On the other hand, clinical trials have positively described
changes in biomarkers in diabetes and other diseases when using polyphenolic
compounds, but there is still a long way to go in establishing the dose and type of
phenolic compound responsible for the preventive potential and/or therapeutic
effects against these chronic diseases. Accordingly, all of the medicinal plants
described in this review suggest that the content of phytochemical compounds they
contain may be used as a strategy to improve glucose/insulin homeostasis through
increased insulin sensitivity, leading to preservation. of function of pancreatic islets
in a prediabetic condition. The low availability of the isolated compounds also leads
us to investigate other alternatives to improve bioavailability such as the use of
microencapsulates.
References
Abeywickrama K, Ratnasooriya W, Amarakoon A (2011) Oral hypoglycaemic, antihyperglycaemic and antidiabetic activities of Sri Lankan Broken Orange Pekoe Fannings (BOPF) grade
black tea (Camellia sinensis L.) in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 135(2):278–286
Agada R, Usman WA, Shehu S, Thagariki D (2020) In vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of
Carica papaya seed on a-amylase and a-glucosidase enzymes. Heliyon 6(3):e03618
Ahmad A, Husain A, Mujeeb M, Khan SA, Najmi AK, Siddique NA, Damanhouri ZA, Anwar F
(2013) A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: a miracle herb. Asian Pac J Trop
Biomed 3(5):337–352
Akash MSH, Rehman K, Chen S (2014) Spice plant Allium cepa: dietary supplement for treatment
of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition 30(10):1128–1137
Alam F, Islam A, Khalil I, Hua Gan S (2016) Metabolic control of type 2 diabetes by targeting the
GLUT4 glucose transporter: intervention approaches. Curr Pharm Des 22(20):3034–3049
Ali-Shtayeh MS, Jamous RM, Jamous RM (2012) Complementary and alternative medicine use
amongst Palestinian diabetic patients. Complementary Ther Clin Pract 18(1):16–21
Amalan V, Vijayakumar N, Indumathi D, Ramakrishnan A (2016) Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity of p-coumaric acid in diabetic rats, role of pancreatic GLUT 2: In vivo
approach. Biomed Pharmacother 84:230–236
Ameer OZ, Salman IM, Asmawi MZ, Ibraheem ZO, Yam MF (2012) Orthosiphon stamineus:
traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. J Med Food 15(8):678–690
Amjad S, Jafri A, Sharma A, Serajuddin M (2019) A novel strategy of nanotized herbal drugs and
their delivery in the treatment of diabetes: present status and future prospects. J Herb Med
100279
15 Role of Natural Bio-active Compounds …
553