Table 15.5 Antidiabetic activity of dietary plants in vivo, in vitro and clinical trials
Plant/vegetable
specie
Extract/compounds
Effects
References
Aloe vera
Aloeresin A/no
quantity
Decrease fasting blood
glucose and improve
insulin levels in plasma
Chang et al.
(2013)
Avocado
Monounsaturated
fatty acids of
avocado/300 mg/kg
Shown significant recovery
in the level of serum
insulin, glycosylated
hemoglobin and activities
of carbohydrate metabolic
enzymes
Thenmozhi et al.
(2012)
Banana (Musa
paradisiaca
fruit)
Flower and
lyophilized stem
juice/50 mg/kg
Reduced significantly
fasting and postprandial
plasma glucose and HbA1c
and increased serum insulin
Dikshit et al.
(2012)
Berberis
integerrima
Anthocyanin/1 mg,
twice daily
Showed a significant
decrease in serum glucose
and HbA1c levels
Moazezi and
Qujeq (2014)
Bitter melon
(Momordica
charantia)
Triterpene, phenolic
compounds/10 mg/
kg significantly
The increased glucose
utilization by the liver,
stimulation of insulin
release from pancreatic
b-cell, increasing number
of b-cell, and suppression
of the key gluconeogenic
enzymes
glucose-6-phosphatase and
fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
Joseph and Jini
(2013)
Black cumin or
black seed
(Nigella sativa)
Oil/1 ml/kg
Significantly reduced the
glucose levels
Ahmad et al.
(2013)
Black tea
(Camellia
sinensis L.)
Flavonoids and
caffeine/480 mg/ml
Hypoglycemic,
anti-hyperglycemic, and
antidiabetic actions.
Abeywickrama
et al. (2011)
Blueberry
(Vaccinium
angustifolium
Aiton)
Anthocyanin/22.5 g
of powdered dry
blueberries/twice
daily
Increased insulin sensitivity
and decreased glucose
concentrations
Stull et al.
(2010)
Caraway,
coriander, and
fennel
Flavonoids (rutin,
quercitin, and
kaempferol)/
Caraway (10 mg/
kg), coriander
(40 mg/kg), and
fennel (30 mg/kg)
Improving kidney and
pancreas cell dysfunction
Shaffie et al.
(2010)
Cinnamon
Bark extract
(cinnamaldehyde)/
200 mg/kg
A significant decrease in
blood glucose,
a-glycosidase activity, and
increase in serum insulin
levels and HDL-cholesterol
levels
Singab et al.
(2014)
(continued)
550
S. N. Jimenez-Garcia et al.
Plant/vegetable
specie
Extract/compounds
Effects
References
Aloe vera
Aloeresin A/no
quantity
Decrease fasting blood
glucose and improve
insulin levels in plasma
Chang et al.
(2013)
Avocado
Monounsaturated
fatty acids of
avocado/300 mg/kg
Shown significant recovery
in the level of serum
insulin, glycosylated
hemoglobin and activities
of carbohydrate metabolic
enzymes
Thenmozhi et al.
(2012)
Banana (Musa
paradisiaca
fruit)
Flower and
lyophilized stem
juice/50 mg/kg
Reduced significantly
fasting and postprandial
plasma glucose and HbA1c
and increased serum insulin
Dikshit et al.
(2012)
Berberis
integerrima
Anthocyanin/1 mg,
twice daily
Showed a significant
decrease in serum glucose
and HbA1c levels
Moazezi and
Qujeq (2014)
Bitter melon
(Momordica
charantia)
Triterpene, phenolic
compounds/10 mg/
kg significantly
The increased glucose
utilization by the liver,
stimulation of insulin
release from pancreatic
b-cell, increasing number
of b-cell, and suppression
of the key gluconeogenic
enzymes
glucose-6-phosphatase and
fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
Joseph and Jini
(2013)
Black cumin or
black seed
(Nigella sativa)
Oil/1 ml/kg
Significantly reduced the
glucose levels
Ahmad et al.
(2013)
Black tea
(Camellia
sinensis L.)
Flavonoids and
caffeine/480 mg/ml
Hypoglycemic,
anti-hyperglycemic, and
antidiabetic actions.
Abeywickrama
et al. (2011)
Blueberry
(Vaccinium
angustifolium
Aiton)
Anthocyanin/22.5 g
of powdered dry
blueberries/twice
daily
Increased insulin sensitivity
and decreased glucose
concentrations
Stull et al.
(2010)
Caraway,
coriander, and
fennel
Flavonoids (rutin,
quercitin, and
kaempferol)/
Caraway (10 mg/
kg), coriander
(40 mg/kg), and
fennel (30 mg/kg)
Improving kidney and
pancreas cell dysfunction
Shaffie et al.
(2010)
Cinnamon
Bark extract
(cinnamaldehyde)/
200 mg/kg
A significant decrease in
blood glucose,
a-glycosidase activity, and
increase in serum insulin
levels and HDL-cholesterol
levels
Singab et al.
(2014)
(continued)
550
S. N. Jimenez-Garcia et al.