that amount of dry biomass was maximum (11.3 g/l) with BA (1.0 g/l) in complete
dark condition; total phenolic content was maximum (7.0 mg of gallic acid
equivalent/g) with MJ (0.5 g/l) in complete light condition; total flavonoid content
was maximum (3.8 mg quercetin equivalent/g) with MJ (0.5 g/l) in complete light
condition; percent free radical scavenging activity was greater (86%) with MJ
(0.5 g/l) in complete light condition; higher amount of volatile oils was observed
with MJ (0.5 g/l) and BA (1.0 g/l) in dark period. So these data confirmed the
importance of MJ, phenylacetic acid, other plant regulators and light treatment on
the production and accumulation of secondary metabolites obtained from A.
bracteosa cell culture (Ali et al. 2018).
1.4.3.6 Effects of Salicylic Acid, Yeast and Casein Hydrolysate
on Colchicine and Thiocolchicoside Production from Gloriosa
superba Plant
Mahendran et al. scientifically proved the importance of salicylic acid, yeast, casein
hydrolysate and silver nitrate on the accumulation of colchicine and thiocolchicoside in Gloriosa superba (Calihari) plant. The process was started with
reaction between cell suspension culture (generated from plant rhizomes cultured in
MS medium contained sucrose, dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, NAA) and salicylic
acid (13.812, 27.624, 41.436, 55.248 and 69.060 mg/l), yeast, casein hydrolysate
and silver nitrate with (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg/l) followed by estimation of
colchicine and thiocolchicoside after fifteen and thirty days of elicitation. The
outcomes showed that a proper callus induction was happen with a combination of
2.0 mg/l of dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.5 mg/l of NAA as well as maximum
colchicine was obtained from casein hydrolysate (300 mg) and (27.624 mg) of
salicylic acid after fifteen and thirty days of elicitation respectively whereas maximum thiocolchicoside was obtained from silver nitrate (200 mg) and (300 mg) of
silver nitrate after fifteen and thirty days of elicitation respectively. So these data
confirmed the importance of mixed abiotic and biotic elicitors on the accumulation
of colchicine and thiocolchicoside in G. superba plant (Mahendran et al. 2018).
1.4.3.7 Effects of Yeast and MJ on Polyphenolic Compound in Aster
scaber Plant
Ghimire et al. scientifically proved the importance of biotic elicitor yeast and abiotic
elicitor MJ on the production of polyphenolic compounds (flavonols, hydroxy
cinnamic acid derivative, hydroxybenzoic acid derivative, vanillin, resveratrol and
homogentisic), biomass production, total phenolic and flavonoid content as well as
effects on antioxidative properties of the hairy root culture of the plant using
diphenylpicraylhydrazyl and ferric reducing potential processes. The experiment
was started with the formation of hairy root culture of A. scaber plant (Chwinamul)
by the germination of seeds in MS medium contained with sucrose, cefotaxime
1 Elicitor Signal Transduction Leading to the Production of Plant …
27
dark condition; total phenolic content was maximum (7.0 mg of gallic acid
equivalent/g) with MJ (0.5 g/l) in complete light condition; total flavonoid content
was maximum (3.8 mg quercetin equivalent/g) with MJ (0.5 g/l) in complete light
condition; percent free radical scavenging activity was greater (86%) with MJ
(0.5 g/l) in complete light condition; higher amount of volatile oils was observed
with MJ (0.5 g/l) and BA (1.0 g/l) in dark period. So these data confirmed the
importance of MJ, phenylacetic acid, other plant regulators and light treatment on
the production and accumulation of secondary metabolites obtained from A.
bracteosa cell culture (Ali et al. 2018).
1.4.3.6 Effects of Salicylic Acid, Yeast and Casein Hydrolysate
on Colchicine and Thiocolchicoside Production from Gloriosa
superba Plant
Mahendran et al. scientifically proved the importance of salicylic acid, yeast, casein
hydrolysate and silver nitrate on the accumulation of colchicine and thiocolchicoside in Gloriosa superba (Calihari) plant. The process was started with
reaction between cell suspension culture (generated from plant rhizomes cultured in
MS medium contained sucrose, dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, NAA) and salicylic
acid (13.812, 27.624, 41.436, 55.248 and 69.060 mg/l), yeast, casein hydrolysate
and silver nitrate with (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg/l) followed by estimation of
colchicine and thiocolchicoside after fifteen and thirty days of elicitation. The
outcomes showed that a proper callus induction was happen with a combination of
2.0 mg/l of dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.5 mg/l of NAA as well as maximum
colchicine was obtained from casein hydrolysate (300 mg) and (27.624 mg) of
salicylic acid after fifteen and thirty days of elicitation respectively whereas maximum thiocolchicoside was obtained from silver nitrate (200 mg) and (300 mg) of
silver nitrate after fifteen and thirty days of elicitation respectively. So these data
confirmed the importance of mixed abiotic and biotic elicitors on the accumulation
of colchicine and thiocolchicoside in G. superba plant (Mahendran et al. 2018).
1.4.3.7 Effects of Yeast and MJ on Polyphenolic Compound in Aster
scaber Plant
Ghimire et al. scientifically proved the importance of biotic elicitor yeast and abiotic
elicitor MJ on the production of polyphenolic compounds (flavonols, hydroxy
cinnamic acid derivative, hydroxybenzoic acid derivative, vanillin, resveratrol and
homogentisic), biomass production, total phenolic and flavonoid content as well as
effects on antioxidative properties of the hairy root culture of the plant using
diphenylpicraylhydrazyl and ferric reducing potential processes. The experiment
was started with the formation of hairy root culture of A. scaber plant (Chwinamul)
by the germination of seeds in MS medium contained with sucrose, cefotaxime
1 Elicitor Signal Transduction Leading to the Production of Plant …
27