15 mg/ml concentration with or without treatment with 100 °C for twenty minute
period. The outcomes revealed that maximum para hydroxyl benzoic acid, vanillin,
para coumaric acid, ferulic acid, total phenolic content were obtained from heat
treated chitosan (200 mg/l) concentration elicited khus dry weight. Antioxidative
efficiency and acetycholinesterase data depicted that best activity observed with
heat treated chitosan (200 mg/l) concentration elicited khus dry weight. So these
data confirmed the importance chitosan on the production of secondary metabolite
from khus plant (Moon et al. 2020).
1.4.3.4 Effects of Yeast and MJ on Silymarin Production in Silybum
marianum Culture
Sanchez-Sampedro et al. experimentally proved the importance of yeast and methyl
as dual abiotic-biotic elicitor on the production and accumulation of silymarin
obtained from Silybum marianum cell culture. The process was started with
development of cell suspension culture from hypocotyl callus of the plant cultured
in MS medium containing sucrose, dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, benzyladenine,
then the suspension culture was elicited with 1 mg/ml concentration of yeast and
100 micromolar concentration of MJ for a period of 3 days. Also the silymarin
production was monitored in presence of calcium antagonist, calcium effectors and
inhibitors of protein kinase and protein phosphatase enzymes. The outcomes
showed that MJ increased silymarin production many folds than yeast. It was also
observed that silymarin production was exponentially increased with ruthenium red,
neomycin and diphenylene iodonium treated both MJ and yeast elicitors. These data
confirmed the importance of MJ and yeast elicitors on silymarin production present
in S. marianum suspension culture (Sanchez-Sampedro et al. 2008).
1.4.3.5 Effects of MJ, Phenylacetic Acid and Light Elicitors on Ajuga
bracteosa
Ali et al. scientifically proved the importance of MJ, phenylacetic acid and light as
dual abiotic and biotic elicitors on the production of volatile oils (a-phelendrene,
Sabinene, a-terpinene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, c-terpinene, b-pinene, b-myrcene,
D-limonene, b-phelendrene, b-ocimene, Thujyl alcohol, cis-sabinol, b-linalool,
1-terpinene-4-ol, Cis-geraniol, a-terpineol, myrtenol, myrtenal, nerol, caryophyllene, b-farnesene, carvone, citronellyl acetate, p-cymen-7-ol, bornyl acetate) from
cell cultures of Ajuga bracteosa. The process was started with the reaction between
callus culture and plant growth regulators (kinetin, BA, dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,
indole butyric acid) and elicitors (MJ and phenyl acetic acid) with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 g/l
of concentrations in three different luminous condition such as dark for one day,
16 h light with 8 h dark and complete light for one day. The amount of dry
biomass, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, free radical scavenging
activity as well as volatile oils productions were evaluated. The outcomes showed
26
S. Saha and D. Pal
period. The outcomes revealed that maximum para hydroxyl benzoic acid, vanillin,
para coumaric acid, ferulic acid, total phenolic content were obtained from heat
treated chitosan (200 mg/l) concentration elicited khus dry weight. Antioxidative
efficiency and acetycholinesterase data depicted that best activity observed with
heat treated chitosan (200 mg/l) concentration elicited khus dry weight. So these
data confirmed the importance chitosan on the production of secondary metabolite
from khus plant (Moon et al. 2020).
1.4.3.4 Effects of Yeast and MJ on Silymarin Production in Silybum
marianum Culture
Sanchez-Sampedro et al. experimentally proved the importance of yeast and methyl
as dual abiotic-biotic elicitor on the production and accumulation of silymarin
obtained from Silybum marianum cell culture. The process was started with
development of cell suspension culture from hypocotyl callus of the plant cultured
in MS medium containing sucrose, dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, benzyladenine,
then the suspension culture was elicited with 1 mg/ml concentration of yeast and
100 micromolar concentration of MJ for a period of 3 days. Also the silymarin
production was monitored in presence of calcium antagonist, calcium effectors and
inhibitors of protein kinase and protein phosphatase enzymes. The outcomes
showed that MJ increased silymarin production many folds than yeast. It was also
observed that silymarin production was exponentially increased with ruthenium red,
neomycin and diphenylene iodonium treated both MJ and yeast elicitors. These data
confirmed the importance of MJ and yeast elicitors on silymarin production present
in S. marianum suspension culture (Sanchez-Sampedro et al. 2008).
1.4.3.5 Effects of MJ, Phenylacetic Acid and Light Elicitors on Ajuga
bracteosa
Ali et al. scientifically proved the importance of MJ, phenylacetic acid and light as
dual abiotic and biotic elicitors on the production of volatile oils (a-phelendrene,
Sabinene, a-terpinene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, c-terpinene, b-pinene, b-myrcene,
D-limonene, b-phelendrene, b-ocimene, Thujyl alcohol, cis-sabinol, b-linalool,
1-terpinene-4-ol, Cis-geraniol, a-terpineol, myrtenol, myrtenal, nerol, caryophyllene, b-farnesene, carvone, citronellyl acetate, p-cymen-7-ol, bornyl acetate) from
cell cultures of Ajuga bracteosa. The process was started with the reaction between
callus culture and plant growth regulators (kinetin, BA, dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,
indole butyric acid) and elicitors (MJ and phenyl acetic acid) with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 g/l
of concentrations in three different luminous condition such as dark for one day,
16 h light with 8 h dark and complete light for one day. The amount of dry
biomass, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, free radical scavenging
activity as well as volatile oils productions were evaluated. The outcomes showed
26
S. Saha and D. Pal