Al-Fatlawi AA, Ahmad RA (2014) Cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic activity of carvacrol on human
breast cancer cell line MCF-7, World. J Pharm Sci 2:1218–1223
Almanaitytė M, Jurevičius J, Mačianskienė R (2020) Effect of carvacrol, TRP channels modulator,
on cardiac electrical activity. Biomed Res Int 6:6456805
Alokam R, Jeankumar VU, Sridevi JP, Matikonda SS, Peddi S, Alvala M, Yogeeswari P, Sriram D
(2014) Identification and structure-activity relationship study of carvacrol derivatives as
Mycobacterium tuberculosis chorismate mutase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 29
(4):547–554
Andersen A (2006) Final report on the safety assessment of sodium p-chlorom-cresol, p-chloro-mcresol, chlorothymol, mixed cresols, m-cresol, o-cresol, p-cresol, isopropyl cresols, thymol, ocymen-5-ol, and carvacrol. Int J Toxicol. 25(Suppl 1):29–127
Andre WPP, Ribeiro WLC, Cavalcante GS, dos Santos JML, Macedo ITF, de Paula HCB, de
Freitas RM, de Morais SM, de Melo JV, Bevilaqua CML (2016) Comparative efficacy and
toxic effects of carvacryl acetate and carvacrol on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes and mice.
Vet Parasitol 218:52–58
Aristatile B, Al-Numair KS, Veeramani C, Pugalendi KV (2009) Effect of carvacrol on hepatic
marker enzymes and antioxidant status in d-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Fundam Clin Pharmacol 23:757–765
Arunasree KM (2010) Anti-proliferative effects of carvacrol on a human metastatic breast cancer
cell line, MDA-MB 231. Phytomedicine 17:581–588
Austgulen LT, Solheim E, Scheline RR (1987) Metabolism in rats of p-cymene derivatives:
Carvacrol and thymol. Pharmacol Toxicol 61:98–102
Aydin E, Türkez H, Keleş MS (2014) The effect of carvacrol on healthy neurons and N2a cancer
cells: some biochemical, anticancerogenicity and genotoxicity studies. Cytotechnology
66:149–157
Bahmani M, Taherikalani M, Khaksarian M, Soroush S, Ashrafi B, Heydari R (2019)
Phytochemical profiles and antibacterial activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of Origanum
vulgare and Hypericum perforatum and carvacrol and hypericin as a promising AntiStaphylococcus aureus. Int J Pharm 19:923–932
Bassanetti I, Carcelli M, Buschini A, Montalbano S, Leonardi G, Pelagatti P, Tosi G, Massi P,
Fiorentini L, Rogolino D (2017) Investigation of antibacterial activity of new classes of
essential oils derivatives. Food Control 73:606–612
Bayir AG, Kiziltan HS, Kocyigit A (2019) Chapter 1-Plant family, carvacrol, and putative
protection in gastric cancer, Diatary intervantions in Gastrointestinal diseases, Foods,
Nutrients, and Dietary Supplements, 3–18
Ben Arfa A, Combes S, Preziosi-Belloy L, Gontard N, Chalier P (2006) Antimicrobial activity of
carvacrol related to its chemical structure. Lett Appl Microbiol 43:149–154
Bhakkiyalakshmi E, Suganya N, Sireesh D, Krishnamurthi K, Saravana DS, Rajaguru P,
Ramkumar KM (2016) Carvacrol induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in HL-60
promyelocytic and Jurkat T lymphoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 772:92–98
Budavari S (ed.1989) The Merck Index. An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals,
11th ed. Rahway, NJ: Merck & Co
Burke CC, Wildung MR, Croteau R (1999) Geranyl diphosphate synthase: Cloning, expression,
and characterization of this prenyltransferase as a heterodimer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
9:13062–13067
Burt S (2004) Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods -A
review. Int J Food Microbiol 94:223–253
Cacciatore I, Di Giulio M, Fornasari E, Stefano AD, Cerasa LS, Marinelli L, Turkez H,
Campli ED, Bartolomeo SD, Robuffo I, Cellini L (2015) Carvacrol codrugs: a new approach in
the antimicrobial plan. PLoS ONE 10(4):e0120937
Cáceres M, Hidalgo W, Stashenko E, Torres R, Ortiz C (2020) Essential oils of aromatic plants
with antibacterial, anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing activities against pathogenic bacteria.
Antibiotics 9:147
13 Carvacrol (Origanum vulgare): Therapeutic Properties …
457
breast cancer cell line MCF-7, World. J Pharm Sci 2:1218–1223
Almanaitytė M, Jurevičius J, Mačianskienė R (2020) Effect of carvacrol, TRP channels modulator,
on cardiac electrical activity. Biomed Res Int 6:6456805
Alokam R, Jeankumar VU, Sridevi JP, Matikonda SS, Peddi S, Alvala M, Yogeeswari P, Sriram D
(2014) Identification and structure-activity relationship study of carvacrol derivatives as
Mycobacterium tuberculosis chorismate mutase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 29
(4):547–554
Andersen A (2006) Final report on the safety assessment of sodium p-chlorom-cresol, p-chloro-mcresol, chlorothymol, mixed cresols, m-cresol, o-cresol, p-cresol, isopropyl cresols, thymol, ocymen-5-ol, and carvacrol. Int J Toxicol. 25(Suppl 1):29–127
Andre WPP, Ribeiro WLC, Cavalcante GS, dos Santos JML, Macedo ITF, de Paula HCB, de
Freitas RM, de Morais SM, de Melo JV, Bevilaqua CML (2016) Comparative efficacy and
toxic effects of carvacryl acetate and carvacrol on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes and mice.
Vet Parasitol 218:52–58
Aristatile B, Al-Numair KS, Veeramani C, Pugalendi KV (2009) Effect of carvacrol on hepatic
marker enzymes and antioxidant status in d-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Fundam Clin Pharmacol 23:757–765
Arunasree KM (2010) Anti-proliferative effects of carvacrol on a human metastatic breast cancer
cell line, MDA-MB 231. Phytomedicine 17:581–588
Austgulen LT, Solheim E, Scheline RR (1987) Metabolism in rats of p-cymene derivatives:
Carvacrol and thymol. Pharmacol Toxicol 61:98–102
Aydin E, Türkez H, Keleş MS (2014) The effect of carvacrol on healthy neurons and N2a cancer
cells: some biochemical, anticancerogenicity and genotoxicity studies. Cytotechnology
66:149–157
Bahmani M, Taherikalani M, Khaksarian M, Soroush S, Ashrafi B, Heydari R (2019)
Phytochemical profiles and antibacterial activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of Origanum
vulgare and Hypericum perforatum and carvacrol and hypericin as a promising AntiStaphylococcus aureus. Int J Pharm 19:923–932
Bassanetti I, Carcelli M, Buschini A, Montalbano S, Leonardi G, Pelagatti P, Tosi G, Massi P,
Fiorentini L, Rogolino D (2017) Investigation of antibacterial activity of new classes of
essential oils derivatives. Food Control 73:606–612
Bayir AG, Kiziltan HS, Kocyigit A (2019) Chapter 1-Plant family, carvacrol, and putative
protection in gastric cancer, Diatary intervantions in Gastrointestinal diseases, Foods,
Nutrients, and Dietary Supplements, 3–18
Ben Arfa A, Combes S, Preziosi-Belloy L, Gontard N, Chalier P (2006) Antimicrobial activity of
carvacrol related to its chemical structure. Lett Appl Microbiol 43:149–154
Bhakkiyalakshmi E, Suganya N, Sireesh D, Krishnamurthi K, Saravana DS, Rajaguru P,
Ramkumar KM (2016) Carvacrol induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in HL-60
promyelocytic and Jurkat T lymphoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 772:92–98
Budavari S (ed.1989) The Merck Index. An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals,
11th ed. Rahway, NJ: Merck & Co
Burke CC, Wildung MR, Croteau R (1999) Geranyl diphosphate synthase: Cloning, expression,
and characterization of this prenyltransferase as a heterodimer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
9:13062–13067
Burt S (2004) Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods -A
review. Int J Food Microbiol 94:223–253
Cacciatore I, Di Giulio M, Fornasari E, Stefano AD, Cerasa LS, Marinelli L, Turkez H,
Campli ED, Bartolomeo SD, Robuffo I, Cellini L (2015) Carvacrol codrugs: a new approach in
the antimicrobial plan. PLoS ONE 10(4):e0120937
Cáceres M, Hidalgo W, Stashenko E, Torres R, Ortiz C (2020) Essential oils of aromatic plants
with antibacterial, anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing activities against pathogenic bacteria.
Antibiotics 9:147
13 Carvacrol (Origanum vulgare): Therapeutic Properties …
457