Table 13.3
Pharmacological mechanisms of carvacrol involved in anticancer activities
S.
No.
Cell lines
Effect and mechanism
IC
50
(µM/l)/dose
Reference
1
Human colon cancer cell lines:
HCT116, LoVo
#Proliferation and migration, cell cycle arrest at
G2/M phase,
#Bcl-2, "Bax, #MMP-2, #MMP-9,
"apoptosis, " MAPK,
#p-ERK, "p-JNKand
"PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,
#p-Akt.
HCT116: 544.4
LoVo: 530.2
Fan et al. (2015)
2
Ovarian epithelial adenocarcinoma
cell line (SKOV-3)
Induction of cytotoxicity,
"apoptosis,
322.50
Elbe et al. (2020)
3
Human colorectal carcinoma:
HCT-116
Human colorectal carcinoma: HT-29
antiproliferative effect
HCT-116: 92
HT-29: 42
Pakdemirli et al.
(2020)
4
Prostate cancer cell line:PC3
Antiproliferative effect, reduce cell viability
25-200
lg/ml dose
Trindade et al.
(2019)
5
Choriocarcinoma cell line: (JAR and
JEG3 cells)
Antiproliferative effect,
"apoptosis, cell cycle
arrest at sub G1 phase,
"Bax, "Bak, "cytochrome
c,
┴MMP, #cytosolic calcium level,
" MAPK,
#
p-ERK1/2,
"PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,
"p-JNK, phosphor-P38, and P90RSK proteins,
#phosphorylation of PDK1, AKT, P70S6K, and
GSK3b
Up to 300
lM doses
Lim et al. (2019)
6
Human gastric adenocarcinoma cell
line AGS cells and normal human
fibroblast WA-1, invivo
analysis in
Wister rats
Dose-dependent cytotoxicity,
"apoptosis,
genotoxicity and ROS generation,
"Bax,
"caspase-3, "caspase-9, # Bcl-2,
WS-1: 138.1
± 8.7
lM
AGS:82.57
± 5.5
lM
Günes-Bayir et al.
(2018a)
7
Human cervical cancer HeLa cells
"Cytotoxicity, "apoptosis, " MAPK,
"phosphor-ERK1/2, "caspase-9, "PARP
cleavage,
#Cyclin D1,
"p21, autophagy,
#p-Akt,
#phospho-mTOR
HeLa:556
± 39
lM
Potočnjak et al.
(2018)
(continued)
448
A. Mondal et al.