pure curcumin. It was found that the MICs of curcumin against 10 strains of
Staphylococcus aureus varied between 125 and 250 lg/mL (Akbar et al. 2018).
12.4.4.5 Microemulsions
Because of their exceptional properties of easy production, solubilization,
long-lasting stability, and biocompatibility, microemulsion have ever-increasing as
a looming antimicrobials delivery system, either as a carrier for topical applications
or oral delivery for poorly water-soluble active constituent (Shukla et al. 2018).
Bactericidal microemulsion using myristic acid was developed for the delivery of
curcumin by Liu et al. (2012). Myristic acid is a fatty acid that shows antibacterial
potential. Curcumin exposed superior inhibitory capacity toward Staphylococcus
epidermidis when compared to myristic acid and there were 43 folds reduction in
the IC50 concentration for curcumin was observed compared to azelaic acid.
Curcumin loaded microemulsion at the concentration of 0.86 µg/mL inhibited
bacterial growth by 50% when it was compared with dimethyl sulfoxide solution of
curcumin. The finding revealed the potential of formulation as an antimicrobial and
for acne vulgaris (Liu and Huang 2012). The comparative activity against
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated using garlic oil and their
microemulsion formulation. The garlic oil itself had not shown antibacterial efficacy
for Escherichia coli (gram-negative) while it showed significant results for
Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive). The microemulsion having the garlic oil
(150 lg/mL) showed marked antibacterial activity (Zheng et al. 2013).
12.5 Conclusion
The research community is attracting toward the phytochemicals due to their
diversity of applications in various diseases as an antimicrobial, anticancer,
anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, and antioxidant agent, etc. Turmeric and garlic
both are full of many therapeutic abilities. These phytochemicals have proved their
potential as antimicrobial not only in the era of nanotechnology but are being used
traditionally for very long without causing cytotoxicity. The nanocarriers have been
proved to improve their antimicrobial performance by enhancing their stability,
bioavailability, and targeting ability. These nanocarriers can easily be modified for
the desired purpose. The phytoconstituents of garlic and turmeric are also given
with other allopathic medicines, which showed the potential to improve their efficacy. Looking at the present, some more research studies must be conducted to
accelerate their therapeutic efficacy, targeting ability so that their side effects and
adverse effects can be diminished.
428
S. K. Prajapati et al.
Staphylococcus aureus varied between 125 and 250 lg/mL (Akbar et al. 2018).
12.4.4.5 Microemulsions
Because of their exceptional properties of easy production, solubilization,
long-lasting stability, and biocompatibility, microemulsion have ever-increasing as
a looming antimicrobials delivery system, either as a carrier for topical applications
or oral delivery for poorly water-soluble active constituent (Shukla et al. 2018).
Bactericidal microemulsion using myristic acid was developed for the delivery of
curcumin by Liu et al. (2012). Myristic acid is a fatty acid that shows antibacterial
potential. Curcumin exposed superior inhibitory capacity toward Staphylococcus
epidermidis when compared to myristic acid and there were 43 folds reduction in
the IC50 concentration for curcumin was observed compared to azelaic acid.
Curcumin loaded microemulsion at the concentration of 0.86 µg/mL inhibited
bacterial growth by 50% when it was compared with dimethyl sulfoxide solution of
curcumin. The finding revealed the potential of formulation as an antimicrobial and
for acne vulgaris (Liu and Huang 2012). The comparative activity against
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated using garlic oil and their
microemulsion formulation. The garlic oil itself had not shown antibacterial efficacy
for Escherichia coli (gram-negative) while it showed significant results for
Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive). The microemulsion having the garlic oil
(150 lg/mL) showed marked antibacterial activity (Zheng et al. 2013).
12.5 Conclusion
The research community is attracting toward the phytochemicals due to their
diversity of applications in various diseases as an antimicrobial, anticancer,
anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, and antioxidant agent, etc. Turmeric and garlic
both are full of many therapeutic abilities. These phytochemicals have proved their
potential as antimicrobial not only in the era of nanotechnology but are being used
traditionally for very long without causing cytotoxicity. The nanocarriers have been
proved to improve their antimicrobial performance by enhancing their stability,
bioavailability, and targeting ability. These nanocarriers can easily be modified for
the desired purpose. The phytoconstituents of garlic and turmeric are also given
with other allopathic medicines, which showed the potential to improve their efficacy. Looking at the present, some more research studies must be conducted to
accelerate their therapeutic efficacy, targeting ability so that their side effects and
adverse effects can be diminished.
428
S. K. Prajapati et al.