12.4 Applications
12.4.1 Antimicrobial Applications of Phytoconstituents
from Turmeric
Mariselvam et al. (2012) prepared the natural dye from turmeric to evaluate their
potential for antimicrobial activity and it is evaluated using agar well diffusion
method. The in vitro studies revealed a greater inhibitory effect against Escherichia
coli and Vibrio cholera that the curcumin dye with a zone of inhibition 7 mm to
15 mm and 10 mm to 15 mm, respectively (Mariselvam et al. 2012).
A toxicoproteomics approach was followed by Shlar et al. (2017a, b) to evaluate
the antibacterial mechanism of action of curcumin on Escherichia coli. The inclusion complex of curcumin was developed with the b-cyclodextrin under the light
and dark conditions. When Escherichia coli treated under light, the light-induced
curcumin toxicity was conquered by maladaptive responses. The ROS encouraged
by the treatment of curcumin over the light dominated the cellular adaptive
mechanisms interrupted the metabolism of iron, deregulated the biosynthesis of
iron-sulfur mass, and ultimately resulted in cell death. The curcumin activity was
potentiated in dark by detoxification of free radicals and modulation of cellular
redox status (Shlar et al. 2017). Gopal et al. (2016) prepared the water-soluble
extract of curcumin and compared their antimicrobial activity with the ethanolic
extract. The entrance of nano curcumin particle within the microbial cell (oral
microflora) was markedly improved and was confirmed by the CLSM study. This
might be the result of their nanosized, which increased the interaction with cells and
led to damage of oral microflora cells. The bioactivity was critically affected by its
solubility in water (Gopal et al. 2016). Osteomyelitis is generally caused by
Staphylococcus aureus. For the treatment purpose of osteomyelitis, Zhou et al.
(2017) gave erythromycin in combination with curcumin. The monotherapy
through erythromycin was not found to be efficient to inhibit bacterial growth,
while it reduced the TNF-a and IL-6. Contrary to this, curcumin slightly reduced
the growth of bacteria. Treatment of rat with the blend of erythromycin and curcumin distinctly inhibited bacterial growth significantly lessened bone infection,
and decreased TNF-a and IL-6. The combination of both showed better proficiency
for MRSA induced osteomyelitis (Zhou et al. 2017).
The antivirulence effect of curcumin was investigated by Darmani et al. (2020).
The efficacy was estimated on Helicobacter pylori in the presence and absence of
blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In the presence of LEDs, the viability was
markedly reduced along with the decrease in the urease production and motility.
This also enhanced the interruption of developed preformed biofilms of
Helicobacter pylori (Darmani et al. 2020). The in vitro antiparacytic efficacy was
examined by Cervantes-Valencia et al. (2019) for the treatment of besnoitiosis
caused by Besnoitia besnoiti. Functional inhibition assays exposed that curcumin
diminished viability of tachyzoite and encouraged fatal effects in up to 57% of
tachyzoites (IC50 in 5.93 lM). Curcumin treatments only inhibited helical gliding
418
S. K. Prajapati et al.
12.4.1 Antimicrobial Applications of Phytoconstituents
from Turmeric
Mariselvam et al. (2012) prepared the natural dye from turmeric to evaluate their
potential for antimicrobial activity and it is evaluated using agar well diffusion
method. The in vitro studies revealed a greater inhibitory effect against Escherichia
coli and Vibrio cholera that the curcumin dye with a zone of inhibition 7 mm to
15 mm and 10 mm to 15 mm, respectively (Mariselvam et al. 2012).
A toxicoproteomics approach was followed by Shlar et al. (2017a, b) to evaluate
the antibacterial mechanism of action of curcumin on Escherichia coli. The inclusion complex of curcumin was developed with the b-cyclodextrin under the light
and dark conditions. When Escherichia coli treated under light, the light-induced
curcumin toxicity was conquered by maladaptive responses. The ROS encouraged
by the treatment of curcumin over the light dominated the cellular adaptive
mechanisms interrupted the metabolism of iron, deregulated the biosynthesis of
iron-sulfur mass, and ultimately resulted in cell death. The curcumin activity was
potentiated in dark by detoxification of free radicals and modulation of cellular
redox status (Shlar et al. 2017). Gopal et al. (2016) prepared the water-soluble
extract of curcumin and compared their antimicrobial activity with the ethanolic
extract. The entrance of nano curcumin particle within the microbial cell (oral
microflora) was markedly improved and was confirmed by the CLSM study. This
might be the result of their nanosized, which increased the interaction with cells and
led to damage of oral microflora cells. The bioactivity was critically affected by its
solubility in water (Gopal et al. 2016). Osteomyelitis is generally caused by
Staphylococcus aureus. For the treatment purpose of osteomyelitis, Zhou et al.
(2017) gave erythromycin in combination with curcumin. The monotherapy
through erythromycin was not found to be efficient to inhibit bacterial growth,
while it reduced the TNF-a and IL-6. Contrary to this, curcumin slightly reduced
the growth of bacteria. Treatment of rat with the blend of erythromycin and curcumin distinctly inhibited bacterial growth significantly lessened bone infection,
and decreased TNF-a and IL-6. The combination of both showed better proficiency
for MRSA induced osteomyelitis (Zhou et al. 2017).
The antivirulence effect of curcumin was investigated by Darmani et al. (2020).
The efficacy was estimated on Helicobacter pylori in the presence and absence of
blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In the presence of LEDs, the viability was
markedly reduced along with the decrease in the urease production and motility.
This also enhanced the interruption of developed preformed biofilms of
Helicobacter pylori (Darmani et al. 2020). The in vitro antiparacytic efficacy was
examined by Cervantes-Valencia et al. (2019) for the treatment of besnoitiosis
caused by Besnoitia besnoiti. Functional inhibition assays exposed that curcumin
diminished viability of tachyzoite and encouraged fatal effects in up to 57% of
tachyzoites (IC50 in 5.93 lM). Curcumin treatments only inhibited helical gliding
418
S. K. Prajapati et al.