1.4.1.19 Effect of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Secondary
Metabolite Production in Panax ginseng
Wu et al. experimentally proved the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic
and alpha linolenic acid) on secondary metabolite accumulation and biomass production of Panax ginseng plant. The experiment was started with culturing of
adventitious root of ginseng into MS medium containing indole butyric acid and
sucrose. When the roots were 5 fresh weight per litre, these were inoculated into the
same medium with addition of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid with concentrations of (1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0) lmol per litre. Total ginsenosides, diol
ginsenoside, triol ginsenoside, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were
checked for polyunsaturated acid elicited ginseng plant adventitious roots. The
outcomes showed that maximum amount of total ginsenosides, diol ginsenoside,
triol ginsenoside and total flavonoid contents were observed with 5.0 lmol/l of fatty
acid elicitation, whereas total phenolic content was maximum with 5.0 lmol/l of
linoleic acid and 10 lmol/l of alpha linolenic acid. The enzymatic activity data
expressed that maximum superoxide dismutase activity was observed with
20 lmol/l of linoleic acid and 5.0 lmol/l of alpha linolenic acid, maximum catalase
activity was obtained with 2.5 lmol/l of linoleic acid and 5.0 lmol/l of alpha
linolenic acid, maximum ascorbate peroxidase activity was obtained with 20 lmol/l
of linoleic acid and 5.0 lmol/l of alpha linolenic acid as well as glutathione peroxidase was higher in case of 2.5 lmol/l of linoleic acid and alpha linolenic acid.
These data confirmed the importance of fatty acids on the secondary metabolite
production and antioxidative properties of ginseng plant (Wu et al. 2009).
1.4.2 Production of Secondary Metabolites Using Biotic
Elicitors
1.4.2.1 Plant Growth Regulating Rhizobacteria Stimulated Secondary
Metabolite Growth in Pennyroyal
Asghari et al. experimentally proved the effect of plant growth regulating rhizobacteria on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in pennyroyal (Mentha
pulegium) plant under droght situation. The experiment was started with culturing
the seeds of pennyroyal plant with rhizobacteria in four different categories such as
control group without rhizobacteria, treated with Azotobacter chroococcum, treated
with Azospirillum brasilense and final group treated with a combination of A.
chroococcum and A. brasilense followed by treat in the environment with enough
water, moderate water and less water condition. Relative water content, chlorophyll
fluorescence, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidative activities
using glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase and radical scavenging activity against DPPH were checked and evaluated by the elicited plant. The
16
S. Saha and D. Pal
Metabolite Production in Panax ginseng
Wu et al. experimentally proved the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic
and alpha linolenic acid) on secondary metabolite accumulation and biomass production of Panax ginseng plant. The experiment was started with culturing of
adventitious root of ginseng into MS medium containing indole butyric acid and
sucrose. When the roots were 5 fresh weight per litre, these were inoculated into the
same medium with addition of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid with concentrations of (1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0) lmol per litre. Total ginsenosides, diol
ginsenoside, triol ginsenoside, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were
checked for polyunsaturated acid elicited ginseng plant adventitious roots. The
outcomes showed that maximum amount of total ginsenosides, diol ginsenoside,
triol ginsenoside and total flavonoid contents were observed with 5.0 lmol/l of fatty
acid elicitation, whereas total phenolic content was maximum with 5.0 lmol/l of
linoleic acid and 10 lmol/l of alpha linolenic acid. The enzymatic activity data
expressed that maximum superoxide dismutase activity was observed with
20 lmol/l of linoleic acid and 5.0 lmol/l of alpha linolenic acid, maximum catalase
activity was obtained with 2.5 lmol/l of linoleic acid and 5.0 lmol/l of alpha
linolenic acid, maximum ascorbate peroxidase activity was obtained with 20 lmol/l
of linoleic acid and 5.0 lmol/l of alpha linolenic acid as well as glutathione peroxidase was higher in case of 2.5 lmol/l of linoleic acid and alpha linolenic acid.
These data confirmed the importance of fatty acids on the secondary metabolite
production and antioxidative properties of ginseng plant (Wu et al. 2009).
1.4.2 Production of Secondary Metabolites Using Biotic
Elicitors
1.4.2.1 Plant Growth Regulating Rhizobacteria Stimulated Secondary
Metabolite Growth in Pennyroyal
Asghari et al. experimentally proved the effect of plant growth regulating rhizobacteria on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in pennyroyal (Mentha
pulegium) plant under droght situation. The experiment was started with culturing
the seeds of pennyroyal plant with rhizobacteria in four different categories such as
control group without rhizobacteria, treated with Azotobacter chroococcum, treated
with Azospirillum brasilense and final group treated with a combination of A.
chroococcum and A. brasilense followed by treat in the environment with enough
water, moderate water and less water condition. Relative water content, chlorophyll
fluorescence, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidative activities
using glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase and radical scavenging activity against DPPH were checked and evaluated by the elicited plant. The
16
S. Saha and D. Pal