gymnemic acid and greater antioxidative property were observed with linoleic acid
(5.0 µM) elicitation. These data confirmed the importance of linoleic acid for the
production of gymnemic acid (Praveen et al. 2014).
1.4.1.17 Effect of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticle on Secondary
Metabolite in Atropa belladonna
Tian et al. experimentally proved the importance of magnesium oxide nanoparticle
on the growth and accumulation of antioxidative metabolites present in Atropa
belladonna plant. The experiment was started with germination of the plant in MS
medium containing sodium hypochlorite, then the clones of root and shoot were
elicited with magnesium oxide nanoparticle of (25, 50, 100 and 200) mg/L concentration without any presence of cytokinin and auxin. Then the shoot/root
number, length and fresh weights were evaluated; evaluation of relative water
content, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde and membrane stability index,
enzymatic activities against superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase were also
evaluated. Also the total phenolic flavonoid content, total alkaloid and antioxidative
efficiencies were measured. The outcomes revealed that shoot/root number, length
and fresh weight, relative water, chlorophyll and membrane stability index were
high with 25 mg/L of magnesium oxide nanoparticle presence. Total phenolic and
flavonoid contents were observed with (100 mg/L) magnesium oxide nanoparticle;
maximum alkaloid content was observed with (25 mg/L) of nanoparticle was well
as maximum antioxidative effect of the elicited plant was observed with (200 mg/L)
magnesium oxide nanoparticle (Tian et al. 2018).
1.4.1.18 Effect of Temperature on Secondary Metabolite
Accumulation in Cold Environment Soil Fungi
Ulaganathan et al. experimentally suggested the effect of temperature on secondary
metabolite accumulation in forty soil isolated fungal strains. The experiment was
started with cultivation of isolated fungi into potato dextrose agar plate for the
mycelia formation followed by antimicrobial assessment against gram positive
(Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus facaellis and Bacillus cereus) and gram negative
(Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) strains. As per the first screening
test, the pass over fungal strains [HND 10 (Atradidymella sp), AK 102
(Pseudogymnoascus sp.) and HND 11 (Penicillium flavigenum)] were evaluated
against bacterial strains (E. coli, B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and Candida
albicans) at different temperature modules as 4, 10, 15 and 28 °C. The outcomes
showed that the growth of E. coli, B. subtilis, S. aureus and C. albicans were highly
inhibited by AK 102 at 4 and 15˚C temperature; P. aeruginosa was not observed
with any susceptibility against strains. So it was quite justified the importance of
temperature on microbial growth inhibition (Ulaganathan et al. 2017).
1 Elicitor Signal Transduction Leading to the Production of Plant …
15
(5.0 µM) elicitation. These data confirmed the importance of linoleic acid for the
production of gymnemic acid (Praveen et al. 2014).
1.4.1.17 Effect of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticle on Secondary
Metabolite in Atropa belladonna
Tian et al. experimentally proved the importance of magnesium oxide nanoparticle
on the growth and accumulation of antioxidative metabolites present in Atropa
belladonna plant. The experiment was started with germination of the plant in MS
medium containing sodium hypochlorite, then the clones of root and shoot were
elicited with magnesium oxide nanoparticle of (25, 50, 100 and 200) mg/L concentration without any presence of cytokinin and auxin. Then the shoot/root
number, length and fresh weights were evaluated; evaluation of relative water
content, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde and membrane stability index,
enzymatic activities against superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase were also
evaluated. Also the total phenolic flavonoid content, total alkaloid and antioxidative
efficiencies were measured. The outcomes revealed that shoot/root number, length
and fresh weight, relative water, chlorophyll and membrane stability index were
high with 25 mg/L of magnesium oxide nanoparticle presence. Total phenolic and
flavonoid contents were observed with (100 mg/L) magnesium oxide nanoparticle;
maximum alkaloid content was observed with (25 mg/L) of nanoparticle was well
as maximum antioxidative effect of the elicited plant was observed with (200 mg/L)
magnesium oxide nanoparticle (Tian et al. 2018).
1.4.1.18 Effect of Temperature on Secondary Metabolite
Accumulation in Cold Environment Soil Fungi
Ulaganathan et al. experimentally suggested the effect of temperature on secondary
metabolite accumulation in forty soil isolated fungal strains. The experiment was
started with cultivation of isolated fungi into potato dextrose agar plate for the
mycelia formation followed by antimicrobial assessment against gram positive
(Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus facaellis and Bacillus cereus) and gram negative
(Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) strains. As per the first screening
test, the pass over fungal strains [HND 10 (Atradidymella sp), AK 102
(Pseudogymnoascus sp.) and HND 11 (Penicillium flavigenum)] were evaluated
against bacterial strains (E. coli, B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and Candida
albicans) at different temperature modules as 4, 10, 15 and 28 °C. The outcomes
showed that the growth of E. coli, B. subtilis, S. aureus and C. albicans were highly
inhibited by AK 102 at 4 and 15˚C temperature; P. aeruginosa was not observed
with any susceptibility against strains. So it was quite justified the importance of
temperature on microbial growth inhibition (Ulaganathan et al. 2017).
1 Elicitor Signal Transduction Leading to the Production of Plant …
15