Table 10.9 The biological sources, structure, and uses of various kinds of glycosides
Type of glycosides
Biological
source
Chemical Structure
Therapeutic uses
1. Anthraquinone
glycosides e.g.,
Sennoside A and B
Dried leaflets of
Cassia
angustifolia
O
O
OH
COOH
COOH
OH
C 6 H 11 O 5 O
C 6 H 11 O 5 O
Sennoside A
Laxatives,
purgative
2. Steroidal
glycosides or
cardiac glycosides
e.g., digoxin
Dried leaves of
Digitalis
purpurea
CH3
(Digitoxose)3
CH3
OH
C
H3
H
O
O
Digoxin
Cardiotonic,
cardiac stimulant
3.Coumarin
glycosides
e.g., psoralidin
Ripe fruits of
Psoralea
corylifolia
O
O
H
O
O
C
H 3
C
H 3
CH 3
Psoralidin
Anthelmintic,
laxative, treatment
of leucoderma,
leprosy
4. Chromone
glycosides e.g.,
hyperimone
Whole plant of
Hypericum
erectum
O
CH 2
CH 3
O
CH 3
O
H
C 6 H 11 O 6 Hyperimone
Anti- H pyroli
activity
5. Cyanogenic
glycosides e.g.,
amygdalin
Ripe seeds of
Prunus
amygdalus
CN
O-C 6 H 10 O 4 -O-C 6 HH 11 O 5
Amygdalin
Sedative,
demulcent skin
lotion
6. Flavonoid
glycosides e.g.,
silybin
Ripe seeds of
Silybum
marianum
O
O
O
H
OH
OH
O
O
OH
OH
OCH 3
Silybin
Hepatoprotective,
antioxidant
7.Phenolic
glycosides e.g.,
arbutin
Dried leaves of
Arctostaphylous
uva-ursi
OH
O-Glu
Arbutin
Diuretic, astringent
8. Saponin
glycosides e.g.,
diosgenin
Dried tuber of
Dioscorea
deltoidea
CH 3
CH 3
O
CH 3
O
H
O
CH 3
Diosgenin
Precursor of
steroids, treatment
of rheumatic
arthritis
9.Steroidal
glycol-alkaloids
e.g., solasodine
Dried berries of
Solanum
khasianum
CH 3
CH 3
O
NH
C
H 3
CH 3
Solasodine
Sex hormone, oral
contraceptive
(continued)
372
C. C. Kandar