Table 6.1 (continued)
Chemical category
Plant source
Mode of action
Emodin-8-O-b-D glucoside
Polygonum
amplexicaule D. Don
var. sinense Forb
Activate the production
and separation of
osteoblasts
Block PGE2 release by
enhancing ALP
expression in MC3T3-E1
Other
Apocynin
Apocynum
cannabinum L.
(Canadian hemp),
Picrorhiza kurroa
Royle ex Benth
Block NOX action.
Suppress PINFLCs, CD4
+
and CD8
+ T cell release
Stilbenes
Resveratrol
Fallopia japonica,
grape, nuts
Reduce MPO action and
mPGES-1 to basal levels.
Inhibit COX-2 and iNOS
appearance. Decrease
PINFLCs. Increase the
AINFCs IL-10 level
Piceatannol
Fallopia japonica,
nuts, grape
Reduce iNOS expression.
Block transcription
factors stimulation such
as ERK, NF-kB, and
STAT3
Terpenoid
14-deoxy-11,12didehydroandrographolide Andrographis
paniculata
Increase the production of
lymphocytes. Increase
IL-2 initiation in
lymphocytes
Ginsan
Panax ginseng
Increase the release of
cytokines and ROS by
macrophages. Activate
the phagocytic property of
macrophages
Oleanolic acid
Luffa cylindrica,
Phytolacca
americana
Decrease the count of
TNF-a IL-1a and IL-6
along with their effect on
the complement pathway
by blocking C3
convertase. Blocks ADA
action
Echinocystic acid
Luffa cylindrica
Block PhI of
macrophages in antibody
and cell-mediated
immune responses
(continued)
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