Table 6.1 (continued)
Chemical category
Plant source
Mode of action
Flavonols
Quercetin
Dysosma veitchii
Hemsl. et Wils
Reduced expression of
PINFLCS, iNOS, and
NF-jB
Decrease expression of
E-selectin and VCAM-1
Kaempferol
Found in various
fruits and vegetables.
e.g., tea, tomato
Decrease COX-2 and
iNOS activity through
suppression of the
signaling of AP-1,
NF-kappa B, and STAT-1
Reduce the gene
expression of VCAM-1,
ICAM-1, MCP-1
Rutin
Ruta graveolens
Block leukocyte
relocation. Suppress
release of TNF-a and
IL-6. Reduce the
activation of NF-jB
Flavanols
Epigallocatechin-3gallate
Camellia sinensis L
Block MAPKs
phosphorylation, ROS
production, adhesion
molecules expression
STAT-3 and STAT-2
Isoflavones
Daidzein
Pueraria mirifica,
Pueraria lobata,
Glycine max
Reduce IL-1b, TNF-a,
MCP-1, iNOS and NO
expression at the mRNA
level
Genistein
Glycine max
Block expression of
COX-2 and iNOS
Decrease TNF-a and
IL-1b production via
activation of PPARs
Puerarin
Pueraria lobata
(wild)Ohwi
Reduce cytokines count.
Block NF-jB and
stimulation of STAT3
Phloroglucinols
Myrtucommulone
Myrtus communis L
Block the PGE2 release
by blocking the mPGES-1
action automatically
blocking the COX activity
Arzanol
Helichrysum italicum Decrease eicosanoids
generation by blocking
LOXs and COX action in
arachidonic acid
metabolism pathways
(continued)
208
V. K. Gurjar and D. Pal