22 Piperine: Sources, Properties, Applications, and Biotechnological
Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759
Neetu Sachan, Dilipkumar Pal, and Phool Chandra
22.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760
22.2 Biosynthesis of Piperine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760
22.3 Extraction Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760
22.4 Effect on Heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760
22.5 Effect on Pentobarbitone Sleeping Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762
22.6 Bioavailability of Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
22.7 Effect on Enzymes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
22.8 Effects on Antioxidant Pathways in Tissues
from Diabetic Rats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764
22.9 Effect on the CNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765
22.10 Effect on Acute Kidney Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766
22.11 Anticonvulsant Mechanisms of Piperine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767
22.12 Immunomodulatory and Antitumor Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768
22.13 Larvicidal Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769
22.14 Inhibits B Lymphocyte Activation and Effector Functions . . . . 769
22.15 The Anti-tumor Effectiveness and Mechanisms Accompanied
with the Combination of Docetaxel-Piperine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769
22.16 Allergic Encephalomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770
22.17 Memory Enhancer and Restoration of Myelin Damage . . . . . . 770
22.18 Effect on Carbamazepine Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770
22.19 Bioenhancer Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773
22.20 Ayurvedic Formulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773
22.21 Death of Cerebellar Granule Neurons Induced by Piperine
is Distinct from that Induced by Low Potassium Medium . . . . 775
22.22 KV Channel as Therapeutic Target for Prostate Cancer
Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776
22.23 Piperine Impairs the Migration and T Cell-Activating
Function of Dendritic Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776
22.24 Piperine-Laden Nanoparticles with Increased Dissolving
and Improved Bioavailability for Controlling Epilepsy . . . . . . 780
22.25 In Vitro Cytotoxic and In Silico Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782
22.26 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784
23 Protein and Enzymes Isolated from Plant Sources
and Their Utilization in Pharmaceutical Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793
Om Prakash Panda, Sitansu Sekhar Nanda, Dong Kee Yi,
Dilipkumar Pal, and Souvik Mukherjee
23.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794
23.1.1 Classification of p
R
t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794
23.1.2 Elemental Composition of Proteins . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796
Contents
xxiii
Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759
Neetu Sachan, Dilipkumar Pal, and Phool Chandra
22.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760
22.2 Biosynthesis of Piperine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760
22.3 Extraction Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760
22.4 Effect on Heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760
22.5 Effect on Pentobarbitone Sleeping Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762
22.6 Bioavailability of Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
22.7 Effect on Enzymes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
22.8 Effects on Antioxidant Pathways in Tissues
from Diabetic Rats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764
22.9 Effect on the CNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765
22.10 Effect on Acute Kidney Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766
22.11 Anticonvulsant Mechanisms of Piperine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767
22.12 Immunomodulatory and Antitumor Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768
22.13 Larvicidal Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769
22.14 Inhibits B Lymphocyte Activation and Effector Functions . . . . 769
22.15 The Anti-tumor Effectiveness and Mechanisms Accompanied
with the Combination of Docetaxel-Piperine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769
22.16 Allergic Encephalomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770
22.17 Memory Enhancer and Restoration of Myelin Damage . . . . . . 770
22.18 Effect on Carbamazepine Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770
22.19 Bioenhancer Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773
22.20 Ayurvedic Formulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773
22.21 Death of Cerebellar Granule Neurons Induced by Piperine
is Distinct from that Induced by Low Potassium Medium . . . . 775
22.22 KV Channel as Therapeutic Target for Prostate Cancer
Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776
22.23 Piperine Impairs the Migration and T Cell-Activating
Function of Dendritic Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776
22.24 Piperine-Laden Nanoparticles with Increased Dissolving
and Improved Bioavailability for Controlling Epilepsy . . . . . . 780
22.25 In Vitro Cytotoxic and In Silico Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782
22.26 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784
23 Protein and Enzymes Isolated from Plant Sources
and Their Utilization in Pharmaceutical Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793
Om Prakash Panda, Sitansu Sekhar Nanda, Dong Kee Yi,
Dilipkumar Pal, and Souvik Mukherjee
23.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794
23.1.1 Classification of p
R
t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794
23.1.2 Elemental Composition of Proteins . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796
Contents
xxiii