Table 6.1 (continued)
Chemical category
Plant source
Mode of action
Sinomenine
Sinomenium acutum
(Thunb.) Rehd.etWils
Block the release of
INFLCs. Block
expression of VCAM-1
Sophocarpine
Sophora
alopecuroides L
Block production of NO
and INFLCs. block
expression of COX-2 and
iNOS
Tetrandrine Matrine
Stephania tetrandra
Matrine. Sophora
flavescens Ait
Decreased release of ROS
and INFL mediators.
Block maleic dialdehyde
and myeloperoxidase
function
Essential oils
Z-ligustilide
Angelica sinensis
(Oliv.) Diels
Block COX-2 and iNOS
initiation by controlling
the NF-kB and MAPK
signal pathways
Tetramethylpyra-zine
Ligusticum
chuanxiong Hort
Block INFLCs and ROS
production. Block
macrophages neutrophile
infiltration, chemotaxis,
and NO synthase action
Block the
phosphorylation of p38
MAPK
Flavonoids Chalcone
Butein
Semecarpus
anacardium,
Dalbergia odorifera,
Toxicodendron
vernicifluum
Inhibit NO production by
reducing iNOS
appearance. Block
translocation of NF-jB
Dihydroxanthohumol
Humulus lupulus
Block NO production
induced by INF-c and
LPS
Licochalcone E
Glycyrrhiza inflata
Block release of
PINFLCS blocking the
activity of NF-jB and
activator protein (AP-1)
Mallotophilippens C, D, E
Mallotus,
Philippinensis
Block NO production
induced by INF-c and
LPS. mRNA gene
expression of IL-1b,
COX-2, iNOS and IL-6.
Deactivate NF-jB
Xanthohumol
Humulus lupulus
Block NO production that
is induced by INF-c and
LPS
(continued)
206
V. K. Gurjar and D. Pal