Table 6.1 Plant-based immunomodulator (Jantan et al. 2015)
Chemical category
Plant source
Mode of action
Alkaloids
Berberine
Coptis chinensis
Franch
Downregulate T-helper
cells, Th2 (IL-4)]
production, and cytokines
TNF-a, Th1, IL-2
Chelerythrine
Chelidonium majus L Block PGE2 secretion by
modifying COX-2
activity
Gelselegine
Gelsemium elegans
Block T lymphocyte
propagation
Koumine
Gelsemium elegans
Block T lymphocyte
propagation
Leonurine
Leonurus japonicas
Houtt
Downregulate IL-6,
TNF-a, COX-2 and
iNOS, and upregulate
IL-10 by blocking the
appearance of toll like
receptors and the
stimulation of NF-jB
Block the VCAM-1 and
ICAM-1 action
Lycorine
Lycoris radiate
Block COX-2 and iNOS
action
Piperine
Piper longum Linn
Decrease count of
PINFCs IL-6, cytokines
TNF-a,IL-1b. Down
regulate expression of
NOS-2, COX-2 and
NF-jB. Block
eicosanoide production by
blocking PLA2 and
TXA2 synthase action
Pseudocoptisine
Corydalis
turtschaninovii
Besser
Downregulating the
phosphorylation of p38
and to ERK block NF-jB
stimulation, which leads
in lessening of PRINFL
mediators counts (TNF-a,
COX-2, and iNOS)
Rhynchophylline
Uncaria
rhynchophylla(Miq.)
Jack
Block phosphorylation of
MAPK. Block release of
PINFCs, PGE2, NO,
monocyte
chemoattractant protein
IL-1b, MCP-1, TNF-a
(continued)
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