364
Index
Low-power methods for NoC routers
(Continued)
multivoltage design, 160–164
placement of level shifter, 164, 164f
short-circuit current flow, 161–163,
161f, 162f, 163f

multi-V T design, 164–165

power gating

architectural trade-offs, 165
challenges, 166
leakage power-saving profile
using, 165f
M
Mapping problem, 120–123
constraints for, 124–127
onto mesh topology, 121f
Mapping using DPSO, 141–149
augmentations to
initial population generation,
145–147
multiple PSO, 144
other evolutionary approaches,
148–149
convergence of DPSO, 143
evolution of generations, 142–143
overall PSO algorithm, 144
particle structure, 141–142, 142f
Maximum aggressor fault (MAF)
model, 195, 237

effect of crosstalk, 195, 196f

state machine for, 238f

Mean time between failures (MTBF),
155, 193
Mesh-1 network, 76, 332, 332f
Mesh-2 network, 76, 332, 333f
Mesh-of-tree (MoT) network, 22, 23f, 26f
deterministic routing in M × N,
33–41
addressing scheme, 34, 35f
avoidance of routing-dependent
deadlock, 37–38, 40–41
proof for shortest path, 37
routing algorithm, 34, 36–37
distribution of cores, routers, and
links
4 × 4 mesh structure, 77f
4 × 4 MoT structure, 78f
4 × 8 mesh structure, 76f
BFT networks, 77f

labeling of channels in, 39f, 40f

performance and cost
comparison of
with NoC structures having VC
router, 109–114
with NoC structures having WH
router, 93–103
simulation results and analysis of
with VC router, 103–109
with WH router, 84–90
topology in 3D NoC, 326–330, 335f
2 × 4 × 4, 327f
properties, 326
Mixed integer linear programming
(MILP)-based approach, 127,
268, 276–277
Modified dual-rail (MDR) code, 224
MoT network, simulation results and
analysis of
with VC router, 103–109
accepted traffic
comparison, 104f
area required, 108–109, 108t
energy consumption, 105–108,
107f, 108f
latency vs. offered load, 104–105,
105f, 106f, 107f
throughput vs. offered load,
104, 105f
with WH router, 84–90
accepted traffic vs. offered load,
85, 85f
energy consumption at
different locality factors, 88–90,
88f, 89f
L avg at different locality factors,
86–87, 87f
throughput vs. locality factor,
85–86, 87f
MoT with NoC, performance and cost
comparison of
having VC router, 109–114
accepted traffic vs. offered load,
109, 109f
area overhead, 113–114, 114t
energy consumption,
111–113, 113f