Synthesis and Characterization of Nanofluids …
45
Kasaeian A, Eshghi AT, Sameti M (2015) A review on the applications of nanofluids in solar energy
systems. Renew Sust Energy Rev 43:584–598
Kavitha T, Rajendran A, Durairajan A (2012) Synthesis, characterization of TiO 2 nano powder and
water based nanofluids using two step method. Eur J Appl Eng Sci Res 1:235–240
Keblinski P, Phillpot SR, Choi SUS, Eastman JA (2002) Mechanisms of heat flow in suspensions
of nano-sized particles (nanofluids). Int J Heat Mass Transf 45:855–863
Khaleduzzaman SS, Sohel MR, Saidur R, Selvaraj J (2015) Stability of Al 2 O 3 –water nanofluid for
electronic cooling system. Procedia Eng 105:406–411
Khaleduzzaman SS, Sohel MR, Saidur R, Selvaraj J (2015) Stability of Al 2 O 3 -water nanofluid for
electronics cooling system. Procedia Eng 105:406–411
Khatak P, Jakhar R, Kumar M (2015). Enhancement in cooling of electronic components by
nanofluids. J Inst Eng India Ser C 96:245–251
Khdher AIM, Sidik NAC, Hamzah WAW, Mamat R (2016) An experimental determination of
thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of bio glycol based Al 2 O 3 nanofluids and
development of new correlation. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf 73:75–83
Khedkar RS, Sonawane SS, Wasewar KL (2012) Influence of CuO nanoparticles in enhancing the
thermal conductivity of water and monoethylene glycol based nanofluids. Int Commun Heat Mass
39:665–669
Kole M, Dey TK (2013) Investigation of thermal conductivity, viscosity and electrical conductivity
of graphene based nanofluids. J Appl Phys 113:084307
Konakanchi H, Vajjha R, Misra D, Das D (2011) Electrical conductivity measurements of nanofluids
and development of new correlations. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 11:1–8
Koo J, Kleinstreuer C (2004) A new thermal conductivity model for nanofluids. J Nanopart Res
6:577–588
Koo J, Kleinstreuer C (2005) Impact analysis of nanoparticle motion mechanism on the thermal
conductivity of nanofluids. Int Commun Heat Mass Trans 32:1111–1118
Kotia A, Borkakoti S, Deval P, Ghosh SK (2017) Review of interfacial layer’s effect on thermal
conductivity in nanofluid. Heat Mass Transf 53:2199–2209
Kumar N, Sonawane SS, Sonawane SH (2018) Experimental study of thermal conductivity, heat
transfer and friction factor of Al 2 O 3 based nanofluid. Int Commun Heat Mass 90:1–10
Kumaresan V, Velraj R, Das SK (2012) Convective heat transfer characteristics of secondary
refrigerant based CNT nanofluids in a tubular heat exchanger. Int J Refrig 35:2287–2296
Lee YS (2008) Self-assembly and nanotechnology: a force balance approach. Wiley, New York
Lee D, Jae-Won K, Kim BG (2006) A new parameter to control heat transport in nanofluids: surface
charge state of the particle in suspension. J Phys Chem B 110:4323–4328
Lee JH, Hwang KS, Jang SP, Lee BH, Kim JH, Choi SUS, Choi CJ (2008) Effective viscosities and
thermal conductivities of aqueous nanofluids containing low volume concentrations of Al 2 O 3
nanoparticles. Int J Heat Mass Transf 51:2651–2656
Leong KC, Yang C, Murshed SMS (2006) A model for the thermal conductivity of nanofluids—the
effect of interfacial layer. J Nanopart Res 8:245–254
Leong KY, Ibrahim IC, Amer NH, Risby MS (2016) Thermal conductivity of carbon based
nanofluids as heat transfer fluids. Appl Mech Mater 819:29–33
Leong KY, Razali I, Ahmad KZK, Amer NH, Akmal HN (2018) Thermal conductivity characteristic
of titanium dioxide water based nanofluids subjected to various types of surfactant. J Eng Sci
Technol 13:1677–1689
Li Z, Sheikholeslami M, Jafaryar M, Shafee A, Chamkha AJ (2018) Investigation of nanofluid
entropy generation in a heat exchanger with helical twisted tapes. J Mol Liq 266:797–805
Lin P, Lin S, Wang PC, Sridhar R (2014) Techniques for physicochemical characterization of
nanomaterials. Biotechnol Adv 32:711–726
Lisunova MO, Lebovka NI, Melezhyk OV, Boiko YP (2006) Stability of the aqueous suspensions
of nanotubes in the presence of nonionic surfactant. J Colloid Interface Sci 299:740–746
Liu L, Yang Y, Zhang Y (2004) A study on the electrical conductivity of multi-walled carbon
nanotube aqueous solution. Physica E 24:343–348
45
Kasaeian A, Eshghi AT, Sameti M (2015) A review on the applications of nanofluids in solar energy
systems. Renew Sust Energy Rev 43:584–598
Kavitha T, Rajendran A, Durairajan A (2012) Synthesis, characterization of TiO 2 nano powder and
water based nanofluids using two step method. Eur J Appl Eng Sci Res 1:235–240
Keblinski P, Phillpot SR, Choi SUS, Eastman JA (2002) Mechanisms of heat flow in suspensions
of nano-sized particles (nanofluids). Int J Heat Mass Transf 45:855–863
Khaleduzzaman SS, Sohel MR, Saidur R, Selvaraj J (2015) Stability of Al 2 O 3 –water nanofluid for
electronic cooling system. Procedia Eng 105:406–411
Khaleduzzaman SS, Sohel MR, Saidur R, Selvaraj J (2015) Stability of Al 2 O 3 -water nanofluid for
electronics cooling system. Procedia Eng 105:406–411
Khatak P, Jakhar R, Kumar M (2015). Enhancement in cooling of electronic components by
nanofluids. J Inst Eng India Ser C 96:245–251
Khdher AIM, Sidik NAC, Hamzah WAW, Mamat R (2016) An experimental determination of
thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of bio glycol based Al 2 O 3 nanofluids and
development of new correlation. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf 73:75–83
Khedkar RS, Sonawane SS, Wasewar KL (2012) Influence of CuO nanoparticles in enhancing the
thermal conductivity of water and monoethylene glycol based nanofluids. Int Commun Heat Mass
39:665–669
Kole M, Dey TK (2013) Investigation of thermal conductivity, viscosity and electrical conductivity
of graphene based nanofluids. J Appl Phys 113:084307
Konakanchi H, Vajjha R, Misra D, Das D (2011) Electrical conductivity measurements of nanofluids
and development of new correlations. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 11:1–8
Koo J, Kleinstreuer C (2004) A new thermal conductivity model for nanofluids. J Nanopart Res
6:577–588
Koo J, Kleinstreuer C (2005) Impact analysis of nanoparticle motion mechanism on the thermal
conductivity of nanofluids. Int Commun Heat Mass Trans 32:1111–1118
Kotia A, Borkakoti S, Deval P, Ghosh SK (2017) Review of interfacial layer’s effect on thermal
conductivity in nanofluid. Heat Mass Transf 53:2199–2209
Kumar N, Sonawane SS, Sonawane SH (2018) Experimental study of thermal conductivity, heat
transfer and friction factor of Al 2 O 3 based nanofluid. Int Commun Heat Mass 90:1–10
Kumaresan V, Velraj R, Das SK (2012) Convective heat transfer characteristics of secondary
refrigerant based CNT nanofluids in a tubular heat exchanger. Int J Refrig 35:2287–2296
Lee YS (2008) Self-assembly and nanotechnology: a force balance approach. Wiley, New York
Lee D, Jae-Won K, Kim BG (2006) A new parameter to control heat transport in nanofluids: surface
charge state of the particle in suspension. J Phys Chem B 110:4323–4328
Lee JH, Hwang KS, Jang SP, Lee BH, Kim JH, Choi SUS, Choi CJ (2008) Effective viscosities and
thermal conductivities of aqueous nanofluids containing low volume concentrations of Al 2 O 3
nanoparticles. Int J Heat Mass Transf 51:2651–2656
Leong KC, Yang C, Murshed SMS (2006) A model for the thermal conductivity of nanofluids—the
effect of interfacial layer. J Nanopart Res 8:245–254
Leong KY, Ibrahim IC, Amer NH, Risby MS (2016) Thermal conductivity of carbon based
nanofluids as heat transfer fluids. Appl Mech Mater 819:29–33
Leong KY, Razali I, Ahmad KZK, Amer NH, Akmal HN (2018) Thermal conductivity characteristic
of titanium dioxide water based nanofluids subjected to various types of surfactant. J Eng Sci
Technol 13:1677–1689
Li Z, Sheikholeslami M, Jafaryar M, Shafee A, Chamkha AJ (2018) Investigation of nanofluid
entropy generation in a heat exchanger with helical twisted tapes. J Mol Liq 266:797–805
Lin P, Lin S, Wang PC, Sridhar R (2014) Techniques for physicochemical characterization of
nanomaterials. Biotechnol Adv 32:711–726
Lisunova MO, Lebovka NI, Melezhyk OV, Boiko YP (2006) Stability of the aqueous suspensions
of nanotubes in the presence of nonionic surfactant. J Colloid Interface Sci 299:740–746
Liu L, Yang Y, Zhang Y (2004) A study on the electrical conductivity of multi-walled carbon
nanotube aqueous solution. Physica E 24:343–348