Optimization of MAPbI 3 Film Using Response …
397
2.2 Methodology
2.2.1 Deposition of TiO 2 /ZnO Bilayer
TiO 2 /ZnO bilayer was coated upon fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate as indicated by the technique announced in our past investigation (Kumari et al. 2018) to
make electron transport bilayer.
2.2.2 Deposition of MAPbI 3 Films Using Spin Coating Technology
MAPbI 3 thin films have been prepared by one-step spin coating method using PbI 2
and MAI. Precursor solution was made by dissolving PbI 2 and MAI in the mixture of
GBL and DMSO. Then it was spin-coated on pre-coated FTO/TiO 2 /ZnO substrate
to prepare MAPbI 3 film. During spinning, some amount of toluene is dripped on
the substrate to make intermediate phase by removing residual DMSO and GBL.
The influence of various control parameters has been studied in detail to find optimum conditions. During deposition of MAPbI 3 films using parametric study, it was
observed that the PCE of device using 1:1 ratio of PbI 2 and MAI was not high.
Therefore, this combination is not considered for further study. The ratio of PbI 2 and
MAI (1:2–1:4), spin speed (2000–3000 rpm), and annealing temperature (60–100 °C)
were varied.
2.3 Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication
Every one of the layers with the exception of MAPBI 3 layer was coated upon FTO
substrate as indicated by the technique specified in our beforehand announced paper
(Kumari et al. 2018) and the MAPBI 3 layer was coated by the strategy made in the
Sect. 2.2.2. The device structure can be found in Fig. 1.
2.4 Characterization
All the characterizations were finished utilizing the same techniques from announced
in our past investigation (Kumari et al. 2018).
397
2.2 Methodology
2.2.1 Deposition of TiO 2 /ZnO Bilayer
TiO 2 /ZnO bilayer was coated upon fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate as indicated by the technique announced in our past investigation (Kumari et al. 2018) to
make electron transport bilayer.
2.2.2 Deposition of MAPbI 3 Films Using Spin Coating Technology
MAPbI 3 thin films have been prepared by one-step spin coating method using PbI 2
and MAI. Precursor solution was made by dissolving PbI 2 and MAI in the mixture of
GBL and DMSO. Then it was spin-coated on pre-coated FTO/TiO 2 /ZnO substrate
to prepare MAPbI 3 film. During spinning, some amount of toluene is dripped on
the substrate to make intermediate phase by removing residual DMSO and GBL.
The influence of various control parameters has been studied in detail to find optimum conditions. During deposition of MAPbI 3 films using parametric study, it was
observed that the PCE of device using 1:1 ratio of PbI 2 and MAI was not high.
Therefore, this combination is not considered for further study. The ratio of PbI 2 and
MAI (1:2–1:4), spin speed (2000–3000 rpm), and annealing temperature (60–100 °C)
were varied.
2.3 Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication
Every one of the layers with the exception of MAPBI 3 layer was coated upon FTO
substrate as indicated by the technique specified in our beforehand announced paper
(Kumari et al. 2018) and the MAPBI 3 layer was coated by the strategy made in the
Sect. 2.2.2. The device structure can be found in Fig. 1.
2.4 Characterization
All the characterizations were finished utilizing the same techniques from announced
in our past investigation (Kumari et al. 2018).