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M. Ranˇ ci´ c Demir et al.
also achieve the mentioned “balance” by special wellness nutrition. The managers of
the restaurants that are located within wellness centres have to be carefully focused
on healthy nutrition. It means a careful choice of ingredients and the preparation of
meals for the menu of the users of wellness services (Ranˇ ci´ c et al. 2017).
The effects of food on the subjective well-being of the consumers are strongly
connected to physical health, satisfaction and emotions. Numerous studies show that
food does not affect only the consumers’ well-being in the nutritive sense, but that the
food is also the source of emotions related to satisfaction, which affect the subjective
well-being of individuals (Schnettler et al. 2015; Meiselman 2016). Responding to
social problems, researchers are becoming more interested in how making decisions
about the choice of food affects health and well-being (Block et al. 2011; Bublitz
et al. 2013). When asked for their opinion on the relationship between food and
subjective well-being, many consumers mentioned organic food (Ares et al. 2015).
One research even showed that the consumers connect happiness and satisfaction
with consuming organic food products (Vega-Zamora et al. 2014). Bauer et al. (2013)
showed that health and hedonism were two out of four main motives for the purchase
of organic products. If we take into consideration that organic food represents one
of the most important segments of wellness nutrition, it can be concluded that there
is an undoubted connection between using wellness services and the achievement of
the feeling of well-being.
4 Measuring Well-Being
When it comes to measuring well-being, there are many disagreements in the literature, and therefore many different instruments (Cooke et al. 2016). This review clarifies several instruments that are often used in the field of tourism. Seligman (2011)
claimed that happiness and well-being are not the same construct, since happiness
is popularly connected with the state of ‘being joyful’ and measured by the ‘satisfaction with life’, which is actually connected with mood. Thus, he provides other
measurements which should be considered in order to understand the nature of wellbeing: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning and accomplishments,
which, taken together, form the ‘Perma’ model.
Another model of well-being was developed by Newman, Tay and Diener (2014)
for examining the ‘psychological mechanisms’ that can occur during a travel experience and contribute to the subjective well-being. The mechanisms that make up
this model are similar to the dimensions in the ‘Perma’ model, but they are more
complex, since they cover both eudemonic and hedonic well-being. It is the case of
the ‘DRAMA’ model, comprised of the following dimensions: detachment recovery,
autonomy, mastery, meaning, and affiliation.
For measuring the subjective well-being, two scales are often used which assess
a person’s mood by measuring positive and negative feelings. Those scales are
PANAS—Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson et al. 1988) and SPANE—
Scale of Positive and Negative Experiences (Diener et al. 2010). PANAS is used for
M. Ranˇ ci´ c Demir et al.
also achieve the mentioned “balance” by special wellness nutrition. The managers of
the restaurants that are located within wellness centres have to be carefully focused
on healthy nutrition. It means a careful choice of ingredients and the preparation of
meals for the menu of the users of wellness services (Ranˇ ci´ c et al. 2017).
The effects of food on the subjective well-being of the consumers are strongly
connected to physical health, satisfaction and emotions. Numerous studies show that
food does not affect only the consumers’ well-being in the nutritive sense, but that the
food is also the source of emotions related to satisfaction, which affect the subjective
well-being of individuals (Schnettler et al. 2015; Meiselman 2016). Responding to
social problems, researchers are becoming more interested in how making decisions
about the choice of food affects health and well-being (Block et al. 2011; Bublitz
et al. 2013). When asked for their opinion on the relationship between food and
subjective well-being, many consumers mentioned organic food (Ares et al. 2015).
One research even showed that the consumers connect happiness and satisfaction
with consuming organic food products (Vega-Zamora et al. 2014). Bauer et al. (2013)
showed that health and hedonism were two out of four main motives for the purchase
of organic products. If we take into consideration that organic food represents one
of the most important segments of wellness nutrition, it can be concluded that there
is an undoubted connection between using wellness services and the achievement of
the feeling of well-being.
4 Measuring Well-Being
When it comes to measuring well-being, there are many disagreements in the literature, and therefore many different instruments (Cooke et al. 2016). This review clarifies several instruments that are often used in the field of tourism. Seligman (2011)
claimed that happiness and well-being are not the same construct, since happiness
is popularly connected with the state of ‘being joyful’ and measured by the ‘satisfaction with life’, which is actually connected with mood. Thus, he provides other
measurements which should be considered in order to understand the nature of wellbeing: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning and accomplishments,
which, taken together, form the ‘Perma’ model.
Another model of well-being was developed by Newman, Tay and Diener (2014)
for examining the ‘psychological mechanisms’ that can occur during a travel experience and contribute to the subjective well-being. The mechanisms that make up
this model are similar to the dimensions in the ‘Perma’ model, but they are more
complex, since they cover both eudemonic and hedonic well-being. It is the case of
the ‘DRAMA’ model, comprised of the following dimensions: detachment recovery,
autonomy, mastery, meaning, and affiliation.
For measuring the subjective well-being, two scales are often used which assess
a person’s mood by measuring positive and negative feelings. Those scales are
PANAS—Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson et al. 1988) and SPANE—
Scale of Positive and Negative Experiences (Diener et al. 2010). PANAS is used for