Leisure Industry and Hotels: The Importance of Wellness Services …
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the global recording of positive and negative feelings, or the affective components of
the subjective feeling of well-being. Positive and negative effects are not considered
opposite poles of the same dimension, but rather discriminative dimensions of the
same construct. While the positive ones affect the enthusiastic, active, and cautious
state, the negative impact describes the level of negative tension through depression,
anger, and anxiety (Watson et al. 1988). The same authors underlined the fact that
there are correlations of positive impacts with social activity, satisfaction, and the
number of pleasant events, whereas negative impacts correlate with stress, health
problems, and the number of unpleasant events. The scale of positive and negative
feelings (PANAS) reveals the usual frequency and intensity of positive and negative
affective states, i.e., how the respondents feel on average. The scale consists of 2
independent subcategories, with 20 items altogether. The first category includes 10
items that describe positive states (e.g. joy), and the second has 10 items that describe
negative feelings (e.g. scare). Contrary to the PANAS scale, the SPANE scale consists
of 12 items, 6 of which are used for measuring positive feelings (e.g. good, happy),
and the other 6 items are used for measuring negative feelings (e.g. bad, sad) (Diener
et al. 2010).
5 Hotel Wellness Centres
A considerable number of people put a stronger emphasis on the concepts of wellness
when choosing to travel. Consequently, there has been a greater acceptance of these
concepts among hotels, which has significantly moulded the hotel industry (Lee
et al. 2019). Previously, spa complexes were mostly unipolar and strictly specialized.
However, such a concept has been overcome today. Modern wellness and spa centres
are actually multipolar, since they are characterized by the development of numerous
poles of tourist attractions, or the combination of many types of tourism (medical,
event, cultural, congress) (Joviˇ ci´ c 2008).
Hospitality offerings with wellness programs can be organized independently or
incorporated in some larger system. The first case is usually a specialized offer of
one type of wellness services, where the aim is to achieve the feasible business
with a minimal number of components. In the second case, wellness centres are
structured within larger hotels or medical-recreational tourist complexes. This is
actually a wellness offering as a part of the overall hotel offering. For the medical–
hotel centres of higher categories, the existence of wellness offerings has become an
imperative. It can be said that in such facilities there is an organic symbiosis between
wellness services and basic services, which comprise accommodation, food and
beverages (Ranˇ ci´ c et al. 2013). Smith and Puczko (2009) stated that mountain and
seaside tourist regions with natural environments are convenient for the development
of wellness tourism, as well as spa centers that are characterized by healing factors.
Moreover, the authors believe that wellness centres also appear in urban centres
because the users want ‘wellness at hand’. Consequently, the offering of wellness
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the global recording of positive and negative feelings, or the affective components of
the subjective feeling of well-being. Positive and negative effects are not considered
opposite poles of the same dimension, but rather discriminative dimensions of the
same construct. While the positive ones affect the enthusiastic, active, and cautious
state, the negative impact describes the level of negative tension through depression,
anger, and anxiety (Watson et al. 1988). The same authors underlined the fact that
there are correlations of positive impacts with social activity, satisfaction, and the
number of pleasant events, whereas negative impacts correlate with stress, health
problems, and the number of unpleasant events. The scale of positive and negative
feelings (PANAS) reveals the usual frequency and intensity of positive and negative
affective states, i.e., how the respondents feel on average. The scale consists of 2
independent subcategories, with 20 items altogether. The first category includes 10
items that describe positive states (e.g. joy), and the second has 10 items that describe
negative feelings (e.g. scare). Contrary to the PANAS scale, the SPANE scale consists
of 12 items, 6 of which are used for measuring positive feelings (e.g. good, happy),
and the other 6 items are used for measuring negative feelings (e.g. bad, sad) (Diener
et al. 2010).
5 Hotel Wellness Centres
A considerable number of people put a stronger emphasis on the concepts of wellness
when choosing to travel. Consequently, there has been a greater acceptance of these
concepts among hotels, which has significantly moulded the hotel industry (Lee
et al. 2019). Previously, spa complexes were mostly unipolar and strictly specialized.
However, such a concept has been overcome today. Modern wellness and spa centres
are actually multipolar, since they are characterized by the development of numerous
poles of tourist attractions, or the combination of many types of tourism (medical,
event, cultural, congress) (Joviˇ ci´ c 2008).
Hospitality offerings with wellness programs can be organized independently or
incorporated in some larger system. The first case is usually a specialized offer of
one type of wellness services, where the aim is to achieve the feasible business
with a minimal number of components. In the second case, wellness centres are
structured within larger hotels or medical-recreational tourist complexes. This is
actually a wellness offering as a part of the overall hotel offering. For the medical–
hotel centres of higher categories, the existence of wellness offerings has become an
imperative. It can be said that in such facilities there is an organic symbiosis between
wellness services and basic services, which comprise accommodation, food and
beverages (Ranˇ ci´ c et al. 2013). Smith and Puczko (2009) stated that mountain and
seaside tourist regions with natural environments are convenient for the development
of wellness tourism, as well as spa centers that are characterized by healing factors.
Moreover, the authors believe that wellness centres also appear in urban centres
because the users want ‘wellness at hand’. Consequently, the offering of wellness