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Lowrie, W. (1997) Fundamentals of Geophysics, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge.
Lundgren, P. R., and D. Giardini (1994) Isolated deep earthquakes and
the fate of subduction in the mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 15,833–42.
Madariaga, R. I. (1972) Toroidal free oscillations of the laterally heterogeneous Earth, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 27, 81–100.
Main, I. G. (1978) Vibrations and Waves in Physics, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge.
Main, I. (1996) Statistical physics, seismogenesis, and seismic hazard, Rev.
Geophys., 34, 433–62.
Malvern, L. E. (1969) Introduction to the Mechanics of a Continuous
Medium, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Marion, J. B. (1970) Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems, 2nd edn,
Academic Press, New York.
Marone, C. (1998) Laboratory-derived friction laws and their application to
seismic faulting, Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 26, 643–96.
Mavko, G. M. (1981) Mechanics of motion on major faults, Ann. Rev. Earth
Planet. Sci., 9, 81–111.
McCann, W. R., S. P. Nishenko, L. R. Sykes, and J. Krause (1979) Seismic
gaps and plate tectonics: Seismic potential for major plate boundaries,
Pure Appl. Geophys., 117, 1082–147.
McClusky, S., et al. (2000) Global positioning system constraints on plate
kinematics and dynamics in the eastern Mediterranean and Caucasus,
J. Geophys. Res., 105, 5695–719.
McElhinny, M. W. (ed.) (1979) The Earth, Its Origin, Structure and Evolution, Academic Press Inc., New York.
McKenzie, D. P. (1969) Speculations on the consequences and causes of plate
motions, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 18, 1–32.
McKenzie, D. P., and F. M. Richter (1978) Simple plate models of mantle
convection, J. Geophys., 44, 441–71.
Medawar, P. (1979) Advice to a Young Scientist, Basic Books, New York.
Meissner, R. (1986) The Continental Crust, Academic Press, Inc., San Diego.
Melchior, P. (1986) The Physics of the Earth’s Core, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Meltzer, A. S., A. R. Levander, and W. D. Mooney (1987) Upper crustal
structure in the Livermore valley and vicinity, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 77,
1655–73.
Menard, H. W. (1986) The Ocean of Truth: a personal history of global tectonics, Princeton Series in Geology and Paleontology, ed. A. G. Fischer,
Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
Mendiguren, J. A. (1973) High resolution spectroscopy of the Earth’s free
oscillations knowing the earthquake source mechanism, Science, 179,
179–80.
Menke, W. (1984) Geophysical Data Analysis: discrete inverse theory,
Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, FL.
Menke, W., and D. Abbott (1990) Geophysical Theory, Columbia University Press, New York.
Michael, A. J., and R. J. Geller (1984) Linear moment tensor inversion for
shallow thrust earthquakes combining first motion and surface wave data,
J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1889–97.
Michaels, A., D. Malmquist, A. Knap, and A. Close (1997) Climate science
and insurance risk, Nature, 389, 225–7.
Minster, J. B., and T. H. Jordan (1978) Present-day plate motions,
J. Geophys. Res., 83, 5331–54.
Minster, J. B., T. H. Jordan, P. Molnar, and E. Haines (1974) Numerical
modeling of instantaneous plate tectonics, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 36,
541–76.
Mitchell, B. J. (1995) Anelastic structure and evolution of the continental
crust and upper mantle from seismic surface wave attenuation, Rev.
Geophys., 33, 441–62.
Mitchell, B. J., J. Xie, and S. Baqer (1997) Lg Excitation, Attenuation, and
Source Spectral Scaling in Central and Eastern North America, Report to
the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, NUREG/CR-6563, Washington,
DC.
Molnar, P. (1988) Continental tectonics in the aftermath of plate tectonics,
Nature, 335, 131–7.
Mooney, W. D., and C. S. Weaver (1989) Regional crustal structure and
tectonics of the Pacific coastal states: California, Oregon, and Washington,
in L. C. Pakiser and W. D. Mooney (eds), Geophysical Framework of
the Continental United States, Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem. 172, Boulder, Co,
pp. 129–61.
Mooney, W. D., G. Laske, and T. G. Masters (1998) CRUST 5.1; a global
crustal model at 5 degrees X5 degrees, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 727–47.
Moores, E. M., and R. J. Twiss (1995) Tectonics, W. H. Freeman, New
York.
Morris, G. B., R. W. Raitt, and G. G. Shor, Jr. (1969) Velocity anisotropy
and delay-time maps of the mantle near Hawaii, J. Geophys. Res., 74,
4300–16.
Morse, P. M., and H. Feshbach (1953) Methods of Theoretical Physics,
McGraw-Hill, New York.
Muller, B., J. Reinecker, B. Sperner, and K. Fuchs (2000) The 2000 release
of the World Stress Map.
Nakamura, Y. (1983) Seismic velocity structure of the moon’s upper
mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 677–86.
Nataf, H. C. (2000) Seismic imaging of mantle plumes, Ann. Rev. Earth
Planet. Sci., 28, 391–417.
Nettles, M., and G. Ekström (1998) Faulting mechanism of anomalous earthquakes near Bardarbunga Volcano, Iceland, J. Geophys. Res., 103,
17,973–83.
Newman, A., S. Stein, J. Weber, J. Engeln, A. Mao, and T. Dixon (1999) Slow
deformation and lower seismic hazard at the New Madrid Seismic Zone,
Science, 284, 619–21.
Newman, A., J. Schneider, S. Stein, and A. Mendez (2001) Uncertainties in
seismic hazard maps for the New Madrid Seismic Zone and implications
for seismic hazard communication, Seism. Res. Lett., 72, 653–67.
Ni, J., and M. Barazangi (1984) Seismotectonics of the Himalayan continental collision zone: geometry of the underthrusting Indian plate beneath the
Himalayas, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1147–64.
Nicolas, A. (1995) The Mid-Oceanic Ridges, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Nishenko, S. P., and L. R. Sykes (1993) Comment on “Seismic gap hypothesis: ten years after” by Kagan and Jackson, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 9909–
16.
Nishimura, C., and D. Forsyth (1989) The anisotropic structure of the upper
mantle in the Pacific, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 96, 203–26.
Noble, B. (1969) Applied Linear Algebra, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs,
NJ.
Nolet, G. (1987) Seismic Tomography, D. Riedel, Dordrecht.
Norabuena, E., L. Leffler-Griffin, A. Mao, T. Dixon, S. Stein, I. S. Sacks,
L. Ocala, and M. Ellis (1998) Space geodetic observations of Nazca-South
America convergence along the Central Andes, Science, 279, 358–62.
Officer, C. B. (1958) Introduction to the Theory of Sound Transmission, with
Application to the Ocean, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Okada, Y. (1985) Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a
half-space, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 75, 1135–54.
Okal, E. A. (1992) A student’s guide to teleseismic body wave amplitudes,
Seism. Res. Lett., 63, 169–80.
Okal, E. A., and R. J. Geller (1979) On the observability of isotropic seismic
sources: The July 31, 1970 Colombian earthquake, Phys. Earth Planet.
Inter., 18, 176–96.
Okal, E. A., and B. Romanowicz (1994) On the variation of b-values with
earthquake size, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 87, 55–76.
Oliver, J., and B. Isacks (1967) Deep earthquake zones, anomalous
structures in the upper mantle, and the lithosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 72,
4259–75.
Owens, T. J., S. R. Taylor, and G. Zandt (1987) Crustal structure at regional
seismic test network stations determined from the inversion of broadband
teleseismic P waveforms, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 77, 631–62.
Lowrie, W. (1997) Fundamentals of Geophysics, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge.
Lundgren, P. R., and D. Giardini (1994) Isolated deep earthquakes and
the fate of subduction in the mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 15,833–42.
Madariaga, R. I. (1972) Toroidal free oscillations of the laterally heterogeneous Earth, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 27, 81–100.
Main, I. G. (1978) Vibrations and Waves in Physics, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge.
Main, I. (1996) Statistical physics, seismogenesis, and seismic hazard, Rev.
Geophys., 34, 433–62.
Malvern, L. E. (1969) Introduction to the Mechanics of a Continuous
Medium, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Marion, J. B. (1970) Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems, 2nd edn,
Academic Press, New York.
Marone, C. (1998) Laboratory-derived friction laws and their application to
seismic faulting, Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 26, 643–96.
Mavko, G. M. (1981) Mechanics of motion on major faults, Ann. Rev. Earth
Planet. Sci., 9, 81–111.
McCann, W. R., S. P. Nishenko, L. R. Sykes, and J. Krause (1979) Seismic
gaps and plate tectonics: Seismic potential for major plate boundaries,
Pure Appl. Geophys., 117, 1082–147.
McClusky, S., et al. (2000) Global positioning system constraints on plate
kinematics and dynamics in the eastern Mediterranean and Caucasus,
J. Geophys. Res., 105, 5695–719.
McElhinny, M. W. (ed.) (1979) The Earth, Its Origin, Structure and Evolution, Academic Press Inc., New York.
McKenzie, D. P. (1969) Speculations on the consequences and causes of plate
motions, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 18, 1–32.
McKenzie, D. P., and F. M. Richter (1978) Simple plate models of mantle
convection, J. Geophys., 44, 441–71.
Medawar, P. (1979) Advice to a Young Scientist, Basic Books, New York.
Meissner, R. (1986) The Continental Crust, Academic Press, Inc., San Diego.
Melchior, P. (1986) The Physics of the Earth’s Core, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Meltzer, A. S., A. R. Levander, and W. D. Mooney (1987) Upper crustal
structure in the Livermore valley and vicinity, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 77,
1655–73.
Menard, H. W. (1986) The Ocean of Truth: a personal history of global tectonics, Princeton Series in Geology and Paleontology, ed. A. G. Fischer,
Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
Mendiguren, J. A. (1973) High resolution spectroscopy of the Earth’s free
oscillations knowing the earthquake source mechanism, Science, 179,
179–80.
Menke, W. (1984) Geophysical Data Analysis: discrete inverse theory,
Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, FL.
Menke, W., and D. Abbott (1990) Geophysical Theory, Columbia University Press, New York.
Michael, A. J., and R. J. Geller (1984) Linear moment tensor inversion for
shallow thrust earthquakes combining first motion and surface wave data,
J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1889–97.
Michaels, A., D. Malmquist, A. Knap, and A. Close (1997) Climate science
and insurance risk, Nature, 389, 225–7.
Minster, J. B., and T. H. Jordan (1978) Present-day plate motions,
J. Geophys. Res., 83, 5331–54.
Minster, J. B., T. H. Jordan, P. Molnar, and E. Haines (1974) Numerical
modeling of instantaneous plate tectonics, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 36,
541–76.
Mitchell, B. J. (1995) Anelastic structure and evolution of the continental
crust and upper mantle from seismic surface wave attenuation, Rev.
Geophys., 33, 441–62.
Mitchell, B. J., J. Xie, and S. Baqer (1997) Lg Excitation, Attenuation, and
Source Spectral Scaling in Central and Eastern North America, Report to
the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, NUREG/CR-6563, Washington,
DC.
Molnar, P. (1988) Continental tectonics in the aftermath of plate tectonics,
Nature, 335, 131–7.
Mooney, W. D., and C. S. Weaver (1989) Regional crustal structure and
tectonics of the Pacific coastal states: California, Oregon, and Washington,
in L. C. Pakiser and W. D. Mooney (eds), Geophysical Framework of
the Continental United States, Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem. 172, Boulder, Co,
pp. 129–61.
Mooney, W. D., G. Laske, and T. G. Masters (1998) CRUST 5.1; a global
crustal model at 5 degrees X5 degrees, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 727–47.
Moores, E. M., and R. J. Twiss (1995) Tectonics, W. H. Freeman, New
York.
Morris, G. B., R. W. Raitt, and G. G. Shor, Jr. (1969) Velocity anisotropy
and delay-time maps of the mantle near Hawaii, J. Geophys. Res., 74,
4300–16.
Morse, P. M., and H. Feshbach (1953) Methods of Theoretical Physics,
McGraw-Hill, New York.
Muller, B., J. Reinecker, B. Sperner, and K. Fuchs (2000) The 2000 release
of the World Stress Map.
Nakamura, Y. (1983) Seismic velocity structure of the moon’s upper
mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 677–86.
Nataf, H. C. (2000) Seismic imaging of mantle plumes, Ann. Rev. Earth
Planet. Sci., 28, 391–417.
Nettles, M., and G. Ekström (1998) Faulting mechanism of anomalous earthquakes near Bardarbunga Volcano, Iceland, J. Geophys. Res., 103,
17,973–83.
Newman, A., S. Stein, J. Weber, J. Engeln, A. Mao, and T. Dixon (1999) Slow
deformation and lower seismic hazard at the New Madrid Seismic Zone,
Science, 284, 619–21.
Newman, A., J. Schneider, S. Stein, and A. Mendez (2001) Uncertainties in
seismic hazard maps for the New Madrid Seismic Zone and implications
for seismic hazard communication, Seism. Res. Lett., 72, 653–67.
Ni, J., and M. Barazangi (1984) Seismotectonics of the Himalayan continental collision zone: geometry of the underthrusting Indian plate beneath the
Himalayas, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1147–64.
Nicolas, A. (1995) The Mid-Oceanic Ridges, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Nishenko, S. P., and L. R. Sykes (1993) Comment on “Seismic gap hypothesis: ten years after” by Kagan and Jackson, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 9909–
16.
Nishimura, C., and D. Forsyth (1989) The anisotropic structure of the upper
mantle in the Pacific, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 96, 203–26.
Noble, B. (1969) Applied Linear Algebra, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs,
NJ.
Nolet, G. (1987) Seismic Tomography, D. Riedel, Dordrecht.
Norabuena, E., L. Leffler-Griffin, A. Mao, T. Dixon, S. Stein, I. S. Sacks,
L. Ocala, and M. Ellis (1998) Space geodetic observations of Nazca-South
America convergence along the Central Andes, Science, 279, 358–62.
Officer, C. B. (1958) Introduction to the Theory of Sound Transmission, with
Application to the Ocean, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Okada, Y. (1985) Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a
half-space, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 75, 1135–54.
Okal, E. A. (1992) A student’s guide to teleseismic body wave amplitudes,
Seism. Res. Lett., 63, 169–80.
Okal, E. A., and R. J. Geller (1979) On the observability of isotropic seismic
sources: The July 31, 1970 Colombian earthquake, Phys. Earth Planet.
Inter., 18, 176–96.
Okal, E. A., and B. Romanowicz (1994) On the variation of b-values with
earthquake size, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 87, 55–76.
Oliver, J., and B. Isacks (1967) Deep earthquake zones, anomalous
structures in the upper mantle, and the lithosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 72,
4259–75.
Owens, T. J., S. R. Taylor, and G. Zandt (1987) Crustal structure at regional
seismic test network stations determined from the inversion of broadband
teleseismic P waveforms, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 77, 631–62.