478 References
Dziewonski, A. M., T.-A. Chou, and J. H. Woodhouse (1981) Determination
of earthquake source parameters from waveform data for studies of
global and regional seismicity, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 2825–52.
Eakins, P. R. (1987) Faults and faulting, in C. K. Seyfert (ed.), Encyclopedia
of Structural Geology and Plate Tectonics, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New
York, pp. 228–39.
Eaton, J. P., D. H. Richter, and W. U. Ault (1961) The tsunami of May 23,
1960 on the island of Hawaii, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 51, 135–57.
Eckhouse, R. E., and L. R. Morris (1979) Minicomputer Systems, PrenticeHall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Ekeland, I. (1993) The Broken Dice, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Engeln, J. F., and S. Stein (1984) Tectonics of the Easter plate, Earth Planet.
Sci. Lett., 68, 259–70.
Engeln, J. F., D. A. Wiens, and S. Stein (1986) Mechanisms and depths of
Atlantic transform earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 548–77.
Engeln, J. F., S. Stein, J. Werner, and R. Gordon (1988) Microplate and shear
zone models for oceanic spreading center reorganizations, J. Geophys.
Res., 93, 2839–56.
England, P., and J. Jackson (1989) Active deformation of the continents,
Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 17, 197–226.
Evans, B., and T.-F. Wong (1992) Fault Mechanics and Transport Properties
of Rocks, Academic Press, San Diego.
Evans, R. (1997) Assessment of schemes for earthquake prediction,
Geophys. J. Int., 131, 413–20.
Ewing, W. M., W. S. Jardetsky, and F. Press (1957) Elastic Waves in Layered
Media, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Few, A. A. (1980) Thunder, in Atmospheric Phenomena, W. H. Freeman,
San Francisco, pp. 111–21.
Feynman, R. P. (1982) The Character of Physical Law, MIT Press, Cambridge MA.
Feynman, R. P. (1988) What Do You Care What Other People Think?,
W. W. Norton, New York.
Feynman, R. P., R. B. Leighton, and M. Sands (1963) The Feynman Lectures
on Physics, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
Finlayson, D. M., J. H. Leven, and K. D. Wake-Dyster (1989) Large-scale
lenticles in the lower crust under an intra-continental basin in eastern
Australia, in R. F. Mereu, S. Mueller and D. M. Fountain (eds), Properties and Processes of Earth’s Lower Crust, IUGG 6, Am. Geophys. Un.,
Washington, DC, pp. 1–16.
Fischman, J. (1992) Falling into the gap, Discover, Oct., 58–63.
Flesch, L. M., W. E. Holt, A. J. Haines, and B. Shen-Tu (2000) Dynamics of
the Pacific-North American plate boundary zone in the western United
States, Science, 287, 834–6.
Forsyth, D. W. (1975) The early structural evolution and anisotropy of the
oceanic upper mantle, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 43, 103–62.
Forsyth, D. W., and S. Uyeda (1975) On the relative importance of the
driving forces of plate motion, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 43, 162–200.
Forsyth, D. W., et al. (1998) Imaging the deep seismic structure beneath a
mid-ocean ridge: The MELT experiment, Science, 280, 1215–18.
Fouch, M. J., K. M. Fischer, E. M. Parmentier, M. E. Wysession, and
T. J. Clarke (2000) Shear wave splitting, continental keels, and patterns
of mantle flow, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 6255–76.
Foulger, G. R. et al. (2001) Seismic tomography shows that upwelling
beneath Iceland is confined to the upper mantle, Geophys. J. Int., 146,
504–30.
Fountain, D. M., and N. I. Christensen (1989) Composition of the crust and
upper mantle: a review, in L. C. Pakiser and W. D. Mooney (eds), Geophysical Framework of the Continental United States, Geol. Soc. Amer.
Mem. 172, Boulder, Co, pp. 711–41.
Fowler, C. M. R. (1990) The Solid Earth: an introduction to global geophysics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Frankel, A., C. Mueller, T. Barnhard, D. Perkins, E. Leyendecker,
N. Dickman, S. Hanson, and M. Hopper (1996) National Seismic Hazard
Maps Documentation, US Geol. Survey, Open-File Rep. 96–532, US
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Franklin, J. N. (1968) Matrix Theory, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Freedman, D., R. Pisani, R. Purves, and A. Adhikari (1991) Statistics,
W. W. Norton, New York.
French, A. P. (1971) Vibrations and Waves, W. W. Norton, New York.
Freymueller, J. T., S. C. Cohen, and H. J. Fletcher (2000) Spatial variations
in present-day deformation, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and their implications, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 8079–101.
Froberg, C. E. (1969) Introduction to Numerical Analysis, 2nd edn,
Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
Frohlich, C. (1989) The nature of deep focus earthquakes, Ann. Rev. Earth
Planet. Sci., 17, 227–54.
Fung, Y. C. (1965) Foundations of Solid Mechanics, Prentice-Hall,
Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Fung, Y. C. (1969) A First Course in Continuum Mechanics, Prentice-Hall,
Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Garnero, E. (2000) Heterogeneity of the lowermost mantle, Ann. Rev. Earth
Planet. Sci., 28, 509–37.
Geller, R. J. (1976) Scaling relations for earthquake source parameters and
magnitudes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 66, 1501–23.
Geller, R. J. (1997) Earthquake prediction: A critical review, Geophys. J. Int.,
131, 425–50.
Geller, R. J., and H. Kanamori (1977) Magnitudes of great shallow earthquakes from 1904 to 1952, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 67, 587–98.
Geller, R. J., and S. Stein (1977) Split free oscillation amplitudes for the
1960 Chilean and 1964 Alaskan earthquakes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 67,
651–60.
Geller, R. J., and S. Stein (1978) Normal modes of a laterally heterogeneous
body: A one dimensional example, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 68, 103–16.
Geller, R. J., D. D. Jackson, Y. Kagan, and F. Mulargia (1997) Earthquakes
cannot be predicted, Science, 275, 1616–17.
Gere, J. M., and H. C. Shah (1984) Terra Non Firma: understanding and
preparing for earthquakes, W. H. Freeman, New York.
Geschwind, C.-H. (2001) California Earthquakes: science, risk, and the
politics of hazard mitigation, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
Gibson, R. L., and A. R. Levander (1988) Lower crustal reflectivity patterns
in wide-angle seismic recordings, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 617–20.
Gledhill, K., and D. Gubbins (1996) SKS splitting and the seismic anisotropy
of the mantle beneath the Hikurangi subduction zone, New Zealand, Phys.
Earth Planet. Inter., 95, 227–36.
Gordon, R. G. (1998) The plate tectonic approximation: Plate non-rigidity,
diffuse plate boundaries, and global reconstructions, Ann. Rev. Earth
Planet. Sci., 26, 615–42.
Gordon, R. G., and S. Stein (1992) Global tectonics and space geodesy,
Science, 256, 333–42.
Green, H. W., II, and H. Houston (1995) The mechanics of deep earthquakes, Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 23, 169–213.
Gregersen, S., and P. Basham (1989) Earthquakes at North-Atlantic Passive
Margins: neotectonics and post-glacial rebound, Kluwer, Dordrecht.
Griffiths, D. H., and R. F. King (1981) Applied Geophysics for Geologists
and Engineers; the elements of geophysical prospecting, Pergamon,
Oxford.
Gubbins, D. (1990) Seismology and Plate Tectonics, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge.
Gurnis, M., M. E. Wysession, E. Knittle, and B. Buffett (eds) (1998) The
Core–Mantle Boundary Region, Am. Geophys. Un., Washington, DC.
Gutenberg, Beno (1959) Physics of the Earth’s Interior, Academic Press,
London.
Hale, L. D., and G. A. Thompson (1982) The seismic reflection character of
the continental Mohorovicic discontinuity, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 4625–35.
Hanks, T. C. (1997) Imperfect science: Uncertainty, diversity, and experts,
Eos Trans. Am. Geophys. Un., 78, 369–77.
Dziewonski, A. M., T.-A. Chou, and J. H. Woodhouse (1981) Determination
of earthquake source parameters from waveform data for studies of
global and regional seismicity, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 2825–52.
Eakins, P. R. (1987) Faults and faulting, in C. K. Seyfert (ed.), Encyclopedia
of Structural Geology and Plate Tectonics, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New
York, pp. 228–39.
Eaton, J. P., D. H. Richter, and W. U. Ault (1961) The tsunami of May 23,
1960 on the island of Hawaii, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 51, 135–57.
Eckhouse, R. E., and L. R. Morris (1979) Minicomputer Systems, PrenticeHall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Ekeland, I. (1993) The Broken Dice, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Engeln, J. F., and S. Stein (1984) Tectonics of the Easter plate, Earth Planet.
Sci. Lett., 68, 259–70.
Engeln, J. F., D. A. Wiens, and S. Stein (1986) Mechanisms and depths of
Atlantic transform earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 548–77.
Engeln, J. F., S. Stein, J. Werner, and R. Gordon (1988) Microplate and shear
zone models for oceanic spreading center reorganizations, J. Geophys.
Res., 93, 2839–56.
England, P., and J. Jackson (1989) Active deformation of the continents,
Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 17, 197–226.
Evans, B., and T.-F. Wong (1992) Fault Mechanics and Transport Properties
of Rocks, Academic Press, San Diego.
Evans, R. (1997) Assessment of schemes for earthquake prediction,
Geophys. J. Int., 131, 413–20.
Ewing, W. M., W. S. Jardetsky, and F. Press (1957) Elastic Waves in Layered
Media, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Few, A. A. (1980) Thunder, in Atmospheric Phenomena, W. H. Freeman,
San Francisco, pp. 111–21.
Feynman, R. P. (1982) The Character of Physical Law, MIT Press, Cambridge MA.
Feynman, R. P. (1988) What Do You Care What Other People Think?,
W. W. Norton, New York.
Feynman, R. P., R. B. Leighton, and M. Sands (1963) The Feynman Lectures
on Physics, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
Finlayson, D. M., J. H. Leven, and K. D. Wake-Dyster (1989) Large-scale
lenticles in the lower crust under an intra-continental basin in eastern
Australia, in R. F. Mereu, S. Mueller and D. M. Fountain (eds), Properties and Processes of Earth’s Lower Crust, IUGG 6, Am. Geophys. Un.,
Washington, DC, pp. 1–16.
Fischman, J. (1992) Falling into the gap, Discover, Oct., 58–63.
Flesch, L. M., W. E. Holt, A. J. Haines, and B. Shen-Tu (2000) Dynamics of
the Pacific-North American plate boundary zone in the western United
States, Science, 287, 834–6.
Forsyth, D. W. (1975) The early structural evolution and anisotropy of the
oceanic upper mantle, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 43, 103–62.
Forsyth, D. W., and S. Uyeda (1975) On the relative importance of the
driving forces of plate motion, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 43, 162–200.
Forsyth, D. W., et al. (1998) Imaging the deep seismic structure beneath a
mid-ocean ridge: The MELT experiment, Science, 280, 1215–18.
Fouch, M. J., K. M. Fischer, E. M. Parmentier, M. E. Wysession, and
T. J. Clarke (2000) Shear wave splitting, continental keels, and patterns
of mantle flow, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 6255–76.
Foulger, G. R. et al. (2001) Seismic tomography shows that upwelling
beneath Iceland is confined to the upper mantle, Geophys. J. Int., 146,
504–30.
Fountain, D. M., and N. I. Christensen (1989) Composition of the crust and
upper mantle: a review, in L. C. Pakiser and W. D. Mooney (eds), Geophysical Framework of the Continental United States, Geol. Soc. Amer.
Mem. 172, Boulder, Co, pp. 711–41.
Fowler, C. M. R. (1990) The Solid Earth: an introduction to global geophysics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Frankel, A., C. Mueller, T. Barnhard, D. Perkins, E. Leyendecker,
N. Dickman, S. Hanson, and M. Hopper (1996) National Seismic Hazard
Maps Documentation, US Geol. Survey, Open-File Rep. 96–532, US
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Franklin, J. N. (1968) Matrix Theory, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Freedman, D., R. Pisani, R. Purves, and A. Adhikari (1991) Statistics,
W. W. Norton, New York.
French, A. P. (1971) Vibrations and Waves, W. W. Norton, New York.
Freymueller, J. T., S. C. Cohen, and H. J. Fletcher (2000) Spatial variations
in present-day deformation, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and their implications, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 8079–101.
Froberg, C. E. (1969) Introduction to Numerical Analysis, 2nd edn,
Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
Frohlich, C. (1989) The nature of deep focus earthquakes, Ann. Rev. Earth
Planet. Sci., 17, 227–54.
Fung, Y. C. (1965) Foundations of Solid Mechanics, Prentice-Hall,
Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Fung, Y. C. (1969) A First Course in Continuum Mechanics, Prentice-Hall,
Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Garnero, E. (2000) Heterogeneity of the lowermost mantle, Ann. Rev. Earth
Planet. Sci., 28, 509–37.
Geller, R. J. (1976) Scaling relations for earthquake source parameters and
magnitudes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 66, 1501–23.
Geller, R. J. (1997) Earthquake prediction: A critical review, Geophys. J. Int.,
131, 425–50.
Geller, R. J., and H. Kanamori (1977) Magnitudes of great shallow earthquakes from 1904 to 1952, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 67, 587–98.
Geller, R. J., and S. Stein (1977) Split free oscillation amplitudes for the
1960 Chilean and 1964 Alaskan earthquakes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 67,
651–60.
Geller, R. J., and S. Stein (1978) Normal modes of a laterally heterogeneous
body: A one dimensional example, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 68, 103–16.
Geller, R. J., D. D. Jackson, Y. Kagan, and F. Mulargia (1997) Earthquakes
cannot be predicted, Science, 275, 1616–17.
Gere, J. M., and H. C. Shah (1984) Terra Non Firma: understanding and
preparing for earthquakes, W. H. Freeman, New York.
Geschwind, C.-H. (2001) California Earthquakes: science, risk, and the
politics of hazard mitigation, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
Gibson, R. L., and A. R. Levander (1988) Lower crustal reflectivity patterns
in wide-angle seismic recordings, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 617–20.
Gledhill, K., and D. Gubbins (1996) SKS splitting and the seismic anisotropy
of the mantle beneath the Hikurangi subduction zone, New Zealand, Phys.
Earth Planet. Inter., 95, 227–36.
Gordon, R. G. (1998) The plate tectonic approximation: Plate non-rigidity,
diffuse plate boundaries, and global reconstructions, Ann. Rev. Earth
Planet. Sci., 26, 615–42.
Gordon, R. G., and S. Stein (1992) Global tectonics and space geodesy,
Science, 256, 333–42.
Green, H. W., II, and H. Houston (1995) The mechanics of deep earthquakes, Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 23, 169–213.
Gregersen, S., and P. Basham (1989) Earthquakes at North-Atlantic Passive
Margins: neotectonics and post-glacial rebound, Kluwer, Dordrecht.
Griffiths, D. H., and R. F. King (1981) Applied Geophysics for Geologists
and Engineers; the elements of geophysical prospecting, Pergamon,
Oxford.
Gubbins, D. (1990) Seismology and Plate Tectonics, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge.
Gurnis, M., M. E. Wysession, E. Knittle, and B. Buffett (eds) (1998) The
Core–Mantle Boundary Region, Am. Geophys. Un., Washington, DC.
Gutenberg, Beno (1959) Physics of the Earth’s Interior, Academic Press,
London.
Hale, L. D., and G. A. Thompson (1982) The seismic reflection character of
the continental Mohorovicic discontinuity, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 4625–35.
Hanks, T. C. (1997) Imperfect science: Uncertainty, diversity, and experts,
Eos Trans. Am. Geophys. Un., 78, 369–77.