3 The Evaluation of TM Atmospheric Deposition in Albania
35
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
1
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
MAPE
52.2
MAD
108.6
MSD
19430.0
Accuracy Measures
n
Ti
Actual
Fits
Variable
Spatial Analysis Plot for Ti
Linear Trend Model
Ti = 304 - 1.42×n
Fig. 3.7 Spatial analysis plot of Ti
(except Lu), Th and U that likely represent a strong lithogenic source and longrange transport of fine particulate matter. It is supported by a relatively homogenous
distribution of Ti in the study area. Moderate and significant correlations (r = 0.4 −
0.6, p < 0.01) were found between Ti and As, Sb, Ni, Cr, Ba and Sr elements.
High concentrations were found in the vicinity of the iron metallurgy plant of the
Elbasan and in the mineralized zones of pyrite-chalcopyrite hosted by pillow lavas
and agglomerate basalts, in high-Ti basalts in the North-East (Milushi 2015), as well
as in the areas of the Young Neogene-Quaternary volcanism in the north, and the
titanium-magnetite deposits located in the northern part of the Albanian western
ophiolite (Milushi 2015). The correlation of Ti with Zr, Cr and Ni supports its origin
from the igneous rocks during the weathering process. Long-range atmospheric
transport from the other part of Europe is another important factor affected by coal
combustion and typical industries that use Ti during their technological process such
as ceramic, glass, pigment production and painting materials industry. On the other
hand, the correlation of Ti with Ba and Sr may also indicate the effects of the marine
ecosystem in the associations of these elements in the air.
3.4.5 Zirconium, Zr and Hafnium, Hf
Zr and Hf are typical crustal elements that can be found in the earth’s crust and rocks.
Ti, Zr and Hf belong to the same subgroup in the periodic table of elements. They
have similar chemical properties that are reflected also in their associations with other
elements in the environment. Their abundance in earth’s crust is Ti > Zr > Hf. The
same sequence founded in moss samples, Ti (77−703 mg kg
−1 , DW) > Zr (3.75 −
35
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
1
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
MAPE
52.2
MAD
108.6
MSD
19430.0
Accuracy Measures
n
Ti
Actual
Fits
Variable
Spatial Analysis Plot for Ti
Linear Trend Model
Ti = 304 - 1.42×n
Fig. 3.7 Spatial analysis plot of Ti
(except Lu), Th and U that likely represent a strong lithogenic source and longrange transport of fine particulate matter. It is supported by a relatively homogenous
distribution of Ti in the study area. Moderate and significant correlations (r = 0.4 −
0.6, p < 0.01) were found between Ti and As, Sb, Ni, Cr, Ba and Sr elements.
High concentrations were found in the vicinity of the iron metallurgy plant of the
Elbasan and in the mineralized zones of pyrite-chalcopyrite hosted by pillow lavas
and agglomerate basalts, in high-Ti basalts in the North-East (Milushi 2015), as well
as in the areas of the Young Neogene-Quaternary volcanism in the north, and the
titanium-magnetite deposits located in the northern part of the Albanian western
ophiolite (Milushi 2015). The correlation of Ti with Zr, Cr and Ni supports its origin
from the igneous rocks during the weathering process. Long-range atmospheric
transport from the other part of Europe is another important factor affected by coal
combustion and typical industries that use Ti during their technological process such
as ceramic, glass, pigment production and painting materials industry. On the other
hand, the correlation of Ti with Ba and Sr may also indicate the effects of the marine
ecosystem in the associations of these elements in the air.
3.4.5 Zirconium, Zr and Hafnium, Hf
Zr and Hf are typical crustal elements that can be found in the earth’s crust and rocks.
Ti, Zr and Hf belong to the same subgroup in the periodic table of elements. They
have similar chemical properties that are reflected also in their associations with other
elements in the environment. Their abundance in earth’s crust is Ti > Zr > Hf. The
same sequence founded in moss samples, Ti (77−703 mg kg
−1 , DW) > Zr (3.75 −