Humbird D, Davis R, Tao L, Kinchin C, Hsu D, Aden A, Schoen P, Lukas J, Olthof B, Worley M,
Sexton D, Dudgeon D (2011) Process design and economics for biochemical conversion of
lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol: dilute-acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of corn
stover. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, May, 1–147. https://doi.org/10.2172/1107470
Kadam K (2000) Environmental life cycle implications of using bagasse-derived ethanol as a
gasoline oxygenate in Mumbai (Bombay). No. NREL/TP-580-28705). National Renewable
Energy Lab, Golden. https://doi.org/10.2172/772426
Li Q, He YC, Xian M, Jun G, Xu X, Yang JM, Li LZ (2009) Improving enzymatic hydrolysis of
wheat straw using ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium diethyl phosphate pretreatment.
Bioresour Technol 100(14):3570–3575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.040
Liebert T (2010) Cellulose solvents–remarkable history, bright future. In: Cellulose solvents: for
analysis, shaping and chemical modification. American Chemical Society, pp 3–54. https://doi.
org/10.1021/bk-2010-1033.ch001
Loppacher LJ (2005) The conflicting international trade law governing products of biotechnology:
the case of biofuels. J Int Biotechnol Law 2(2):54–61. https://doi.org/10.1515/jibl.2005.2.2.54
Menon V, Rao M (2012) Trends in bioconversion of lignocellulose: biofuels, platform chemicals &
biorefinery concept. Prog Energy Combust Sci 38(4):522–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.
2012.02.002
Reddy, P. (2015). A critical review of ionic liquids for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass.
S Afr J Sci, 111(11–12), 1–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2015/20150083
Ren H, Zong MH, Wu H, Li N (2016) Efficient pretreatment of wheat straw using novel renewable
cholinium ionic liquids to improve enzymatic saccharification. Ind Eng Chem Res 55
(6):1788–1795. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03729
Sikarwar VS, Zhao M, Clough P, Yao J, Zhong X, Memon MZ et al (2016) An overview of
advances in biomass gasification. Energy Environ Sci 9(10):2939–2977. https://doi.org/10.
1039/C6EE00935B
Smuga-Kogut M, Wnuk AD, Zgórska K, Kubiak MS (2015) Production of ethanol from wheat
straw. Pol J Chem Technol 17(3):89-94. https://doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2015-0055.
Swain MR, Singh A, Sharma AK, Tuli DK (2019) Bioethanol production from rice-and wheat
straw: an overview. In: Bioethanol production from food crops. Academic, pp 213–231. https://
doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813766-6.00011-4
Swatloski RP, Holbrey JD, Memon SB, Caldwell GA, Caldwell KA, Rogers RD (2004) Using
Caenorhabditis elegans to probe toxicity of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride based ionic
liquids. Chem Commun (6):668–669. https://doi.org/10.1039/B316491H
Tsuzuki S, Shinoda W, Miran MS, Kinoshita H, Yasuda T, Watanabe M (2013) Interactions in ion
pairs of protic ionic liquids: comparison with aprotic ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 139
(17):174504. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4827519
Tucho GT, and Nonhebel S (2015) Bio-wastes as an alternative household cooking energy source in
Ethiopia. 9565–9583. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8099565
Wei L, Li K, Ma Y Hou X (2012) Dissolving lignocellulosic biomass in a 1-butyl-3methylimidazolium chloride-water mixture. Ind Crop Prod 37(1):227–234. http://dx.doi.org/
10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.12.012
Welton T (2011) Ionic liquids in green chemistry. Green Chem 13(2):225–225. https://doi.org/10.
1039/C0GC90047H
Yang Q, Wu S, Lou R, Gaojin LV (2011) Structural characterization of lignin from wheat straw.
Wood Sci Technol 45(3):419–431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-010-0339-1
Yoo CG, Pu Y, Ragauskas AJ (2017) Ionic liquids: promising green solvents for lignocellulosic
biomass utilization. Curr Opin Green Sustain Chem 5:5–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.
2017.03.003
Zhang Z, Chen H (2012) Enhancement of the enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw by pretreatment
with 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim] Cl). Afr J Biotechnol 11(31):8032–8037.
https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.3583
62
I. Neme and C. Masi
Sexton D, Dudgeon D (2011) Process design and economics for biochemical conversion of
lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol: dilute-acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of corn
stover. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, May, 1–147. https://doi.org/10.2172/1107470
Kadam K (2000) Environmental life cycle implications of using bagasse-derived ethanol as a
gasoline oxygenate in Mumbai (Bombay). No. NREL/TP-580-28705). National Renewable
Energy Lab, Golden. https://doi.org/10.2172/772426
Li Q, He YC, Xian M, Jun G, Xu X, Yang JM, Li LZ (2009) Improving enzymatic hydrolysis of
wheat straw using ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium diethyl phosphate pretreatment.
Bioresour Technol 100(14):3570–3575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.040
Liebert T (2010) Cellulose solvents–remarkable history, bright future. In: Cellulose solvents: for
analysis, shaping and chemical modification. American Chemical Society, pp 3–54. https://doi.
org/10.1021/bk-2010-1033.ch001
Loppacher LJ (2005) The conflicting international trade law governing products of biotechnology:
the case of biofuels. J Int Biotechnol Law 2(2):54–61. https://doi.org/10.1515/jibl.2005.2.2.54
Menon V, Rao M (2012) Trends in bioconversion of lignocellulose: biofuels, platform chemicals &
biorefinery concept. Prog Energy Combust Sci 38(4):522–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.
2012.02.002
Reddy, P. (2015). A critical review of ionic liquids for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass.
S Afr J Sci, 111(11–12), 1–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2015/20150083
Ren H, Zong MH, Wu H, Li N (2016) Efficient pretreatment of wheat straw using novel renewable
cholinium ionic liquids to improve enzymatic saccharification. Ind Eng Chem Res 55
(6):1788–1795. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03729
Sikarwar VS, Zhao M, Clough P, Yao J, Zhong X, Memon MZ et al (2016) An overview of
advances in biomass gasification. Energy Environ Sci 9(10):2939–2977. https://doi.org/10.
1039/C6EE00935B
Smuga-Kogut M, Wnuk AD, Zgórska K, Kubiak MS (2015) Production of ethanol from wheat
straw. Pol J Chem Technol 17(3):89-94. https://doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2015-0055.
Swain MR, Singh A, Sharma AK, Tuli DK (2019) Bioethanol production from rice-and wheat
straw: an overview. In: Bioethanol production from food crops. Academic, pp 213–231. https://
doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813766-6.00011-4
Swatloski RP, Holbrey JD, Memon SB, Caldwell GA, Caldwell KA, Rogers RD (2004) Using
Caenorhabditis elegans to probe toxicity of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride based ionic
liquids. Chem Commun (6):668–669. https://doi.org/10.1039/B316491H
Tsuzuki S, Shinoda W, Miran MS, Kinoshita H, Yasuda T, Watanabe M (2013) Interactions in ion
pairs of protic ionic liquids: comparison with aprotic ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 139
(17):174504. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4827519
Tucho GT, and Nonhebel S (2015) Bio-wastes as an alternative household cooking energy source in
Ethiopia. 9565–9583. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8099565
Wei L, Li K, Ma Y Hou X (2012) Dissolving lignocellulosic biomass in a 1-butyl-3methylimidazolium chloride-water mixture. Ind Crop Prod 37(1):227–234. http://dx.doi.org/
10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.12.012
Welton T (2011) Ionic liquids in green chemistry. Green Chem 13(2):225–225. https://doi.org/10.
1039/C0GC90047H
Yang Q, Wu S, Lou R, Gaojin LV (2011) Structural characterization of lignin from wheat straw.
Wood Sci Technol 45(3):419–431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-010-0339-1
Yoo CG, Pu Y, Ragauskas AJ (2017) Ionic liquids: promising green solvents for lignocellulosic
biomass utilization. Curr Opin Green Sustain Chem 5:5–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.
2017.03.003
Zhang Z, Chen H (2012) Enhancement of the enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw by pretreatment
with 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim] Cl). Afr J Biotechnol 11(31):8032–8037.
https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.3583
62
I. Neme and C. Masi