EK-bioremediation techniques (cont.)
limitation, 225
oxyfluorfen removal, 225
phenomena, 224
Electrochemical methods
bioleaching microorganisms, 302
bioleaching reactions, 301
catalytic activity, 302
Cu bioleaching, 302
dissolution, 301
EET, 301
electrolytic conditions, 302
ETMs, 301
metal ions adsorption, 302
N 2 -doped carbon nanotubes, 302
pyrolysis process, 302
Electrokinetic (EK), 224
Electrolysis, 224
Electromigration, 224
Electron transfer mediators (ETMs), 301, 303
Electronegative groups, 363
Electronic waste (e-waste)
bioleaching (see Bioleaching process)
definition, 292
global production, 292
sludge, 292
Electroosmosis, 224
Electrophoresis, 224
Electrostatic attraction, 183
Elevated ozone associated with smoke
(EOAS), 380
EMIMAc, 55, 72
Endophytic bacteria, 249, 411
Environment
agricultural discharge, 153
biological activities, 152
biological amplification, 153
and health problems, 154
kill pests, 152
and lower sensitivity, 162
and microbe type, 157
municipal waste, 153
pollutants, 165
soil, 156
subsurface, 159
Environmental awareness, 400
Environmental contaminants, 38
Environmental contamination, 30
Environmental degradation, 391
Environmental heavy metals occurrences
aquatic bodies, 318
As, 319
Ba, 319
calamine/smithsonite, 319
Cr, 319
Hg, 319
natural sources, 319
Ni, 319
Pb, 319
sedimentary rocks, 319
sediments, 320
Environmental issues, 124
Environmental laws, 197
Environmental pH, 276
Environmental pollution
bioremediation strategies, 222
causes, 222
effects, 221
sources, 222
Environmental remediation, 66, 73, 154
Environmental sanitation, 400
Enzymatic functions, 408
Enzyme-catalyzed degradation, 155
Enzymes, 31, 34, 36, 158, 206, 207
Epidemiological investigations, 382
Epistasis, 416
EPS-producing bacteria species, 144
ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complex
Required for Transport)
complex, 422
Ethane methanesulfonate (EMS), 414
Eukaryotic cells, 420
E-waste sludge
curing agents, 292
disposal, 292
heavy metals, 292
hydrometallurgical processes, 292
treatment, 292, 293
Ex situ bioremediation technique, 222
Ex situ techniques
bioreactors, 161
composting, 160
land farming, 160
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs)
application, 141
Bacillus sp., 142
bacterial, 140, 143, 144
cell-bound, 140
classification, 139
green chemical synthesis, 138
immobilization, 145
Pseudomonas sp., 143
pure/mixed cultures, 145
Rhizomonas sp., 145
sludge dewatering process, 143
soil modification, 145
438
Index
limitation, 225
oxyfluorfen removal, 225
phenomena, 224
Electrochemical methods
bioleaching microorganisms, 302
bioleaching reactions, 301
catalytic activity, 302
Cu bioleaching, 302
dissolution, 301
EET, 301
electrolytic conditions, 302
ETMs, 301
metal ions adsorption, 302
N 2 -doped carbon nanotubes, 302
pyrolysis process, 302
Electrokinetic (EK), 224
Electrolysis, 224
Electromigration, 224
Electron transfer mediators (ETMs), 301, 303
Electronegative groups, 363
Electronic waste (e-waste)
bioleaching (see Bioleaching process)
definition, 292
global production, 292
sludge, 292
Electroosmosis, 224
Electrophoresis, 224
Electrostatic attraction, 183
Elevated ozone associated with smoke
(EOAS), 380
EMIMAc, 55, 72
Endophytic bacteria, 249, 411
Environment
agricultural discharge, 153
biological activities, 152
biological amplification, 153
and health problems, 154
kill pests, 152
and lower sensitivity, 162
and microbe type, 157
municipal waste, 153
pollutants, 165
soil, 156
subsurface, 159
Environmental awareness, 400
Environmental contaminants, 38
Environmental contamination, 30
Environmental degradation, 391
Environmental heavy metals occurrences
aquatic bodies, 318
As, 319
Ba, 319
calamine/smithsonite, 319
Cr, 319
Hg, 319
natural sources, 319
Ni, 319
Pb, 319
sedimentary rocks, 319
sediments, 320
Environmental issues, 124
Environmental laws, 197
Environmental pH, 276
Environmental pollution
bioremediation strategies, 222
causes, 222
effects, 221
sources, 222
Environmental remediation, 66, 73, 154
Environmental sanitation, 400
Enzymatic functions, 408
Enzyme-catalyzed degradation, 155
Enzymes, 31, 34, 36, 158, 206, 207
Epidemiological investigations, 382
Epistasis, 416
EPS-producing bacteria species, 144
ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complex
Required for Transport)
complex, 422
Ethane methanesulfonate (EMS), 414
Eukaryotic cells, 420
E-waste sludge
curing agents, 292
disposal, 292
heavy metals, 292
hydrometallurgical processes, 292
treatment, 292, 293
Ex situ bioremediation technique, 222
Ex situ techniques
bioreactors, 161
composting, 160
land farming, 160
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs)
application, 141
Bacillus sp., 142
bacterial, 140, 143, 144
cell-bound, 140
classification, 139
green chemical synthesis, 138
immobilization, 145
Pseudomonas sp., 143
pure/mixed cultures, 145
Rhizomonas sp., 145
sludge dewatering process, 143
soil modification, 145
438
Index