Biotechnological interventions
cell factories, 210, 211
MFC, 211, 212
nanotechnological applications, 212, 213
WCBs, 210, 211
Biotechnology
biofertilizers (see Biofertilizers)
genetic manipulation (see Genetic
manipulation)
omics technologies, 416–418
Bioventing, 159
Black foot disease (BFD), 241
Bleaching, 196, 199
Blue-green algae, 410
BOD/COD ratio, 175
Botrytis cinerea, 365
Breakpoint, 120
Brevibacterium casei, 252
Burkholderia xenovorans, 226
C
Cadmium (Cd), 318
Caenorhabditis elegans, 55
Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), 421
Candida sp. SMN04, 226
Carbohydrates, 206
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 212
Carbon sources, 14
Carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio, 13
Carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA), 80
Carbonized CNF (c-CNF), 83
Carboxyl and phosphate groups, 363
Carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC), 200
Catalase (CAT), 324, 348, 349
Cation diffusion facilitator (CDF), 325
Cationic-based softeners, 200
Cell factories, 210, 211
Cell immobilization, 162
Cell wall, 181
fungi, 357
Cellular defence mechanisms, 323
Cellulose, 67
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)
carboxylated, 70
enzymatic esterification, 72
microwave-assisted ammonium persulfate
process, 71
Cellulose nanocrystal-zero valent iron
nanocomposites (CNC-nanoZVI), 77
Cellulose nanofiber (CNF), 67, 77
APS, 72
APTES, 80
carbon derived, 83
c-CNF, 83
chemically functionalized, 79
mechanical shearing, 81
polymerization, 69
sulfonated, 80
suspension, 77
Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs)/multiwalled
carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), 77
Cellulose nanowhisker (CNW), 67
Cellulosic nanofiber (CNFs), 67
Chalcopyrite bioleaching, 297
Chelation, 183, 365
Chemical disinfectants
chlorination, 118–122
coagulation, 123
ferrates, 123
iodine, 121, 122
ozone, 123
potassium permanganate, 123
silver, 122
Chemical fertilizers, 407, 408, 410, 412
Chemical leaching, 299
Chemical oxygen demand (COD), 145
Chemical treatment methods, 203, 204
Chemical weed control, 104
Chitin, 210
Chitosan, 210
Chlorella coloniales, 278
Chlorella miniata, 283
Chlorella pyrenoidosa strain NCIM 2738, 224
Chlorination, 118–122
Chlorine, 196
Chlorine gas, 119
Cholera, 118, 395, 396
Cholinium taurate (Ch-Tau) ILs, 59
Chromium (Cr), 174, 270, 277, 318
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD), 381
Climate change, 392
Clostridium thermopalmarium, 250
CN-based systems, 80
CNC-based hydrogels, 75
CNC-based nanocomposite membranes, 79
CNF-nanopaper/nanocomposite
membranes, 79
CNFs-based hydrogels, 75
Coagulation, 123, 203
Coastal ecosystem, 320
Color and numerous auxiliaries, 200
Color removal, 210
Coloration process, 199–201
436
Index
cell factories, 210, 211
MFC, 211, 212
nanotechnological applications, 212, 213
WCBs, 210, 211
Biotechnology
biofertilizers (see Biofertilizers)
genetic manipulation (see Genetic
manipulation)
omics technologies, 416–418
Bioventing, 159
Black foot disease (BFD), 241
Bleaching, 196, 199
Blue-green algae, 410
BOD/COD ratio, 175
Botrytis cinerea, 365
Breakpoint, 120
Brevibacterium casei, 252
Burkholderia xenovorans, 226
C
Cadmium (Cd), 318
Caenorhabditis elegans, 55
Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), 421
Candida sp. SMN04, 226
Carbohydrates, 206
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 212
Carbon sources, 14
Carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio, 13
Carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA), 80
Carbonized CNF (c-CNF), 83
Carboxyl and phosphate groups, 363
Carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC), 200
Catalase (CAT), 324, 348, 349
Cation diffusion facilitator (CDF), 325
Cationic-based softeners, 200
Cell factories, 210, 211
Cell immobilization, 162
Cell wall, 181
fungi, 357
Cellular defence mechanisms, 323
Cellulose, 67
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)
carboxylated, 70
enzymatic esterification, 72
microwave-assisted ammonium persulfate
process, 71
Cellulose nanocrystal-zero valent iron
nanocomposites (CNC-nanoZVI), 77
Cellulose nanofiber (CNF), 67, 77
APS, 72
APTES, 80
carbon derived, 83
c-CNF, 83
chemically functionalized, 79
mechanical shearing, 81
polymerization, 69
sulfonated, 80
suspension, 77
Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs)/multiwalled
carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), 77
Cellulose nanowhisker (CNW), 67
Cellulosic nanofiber (CNFs), 67
Chalcopyrite bioleaching, 297
Chelation, 183, 365
Chemical disinfectants
chlorination, 118–122
coagulation, 123
ferrates, 123
iodine, 121, 122
ozone, 123
potassium permanganate, 123
silver, 122
Chemical fertilizers, 407, 408, 410, 412
Chemical leaching, 299
Chemical oxygen demand (COD), 145
Chemical treatment methods, 203, 204
Chemical weed control, 104
Chitin, 210
Chitosan, 210
Chlorella coloniales, 278
Chlorella miniata, 283
Chlorella pyrenoidosa strain NCIM 2738, 224
Chlorination, 118–122
Chlorine, 196
Chlorine gas, 119
Cholera, 118, 395, 396
Cholinium taurate (Ch-Tau) ILs, 59
Chromium (Cr), 174, 270, 277, 318
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD), 381
Climate change, 392
Clostridium thermopalmarium, 250
CN-based systems, 80
CNC-based hydrogels, 75
CNC-based nanocomposite membranes, 79
CNF-nanopaper/nanocomposite
membranes, 79
CNFs-based hydrogels, 75
Coagulation, 123, 203
Coastal ecosystem, 320
Color and numerous auxiliaries, 200
Color removal, 210
Coloration process, 199–201
436
Index