treatment. Most recently, the application of nanotechnology in enzymes immobilization has gained a huge interest, because this approach offers more benefits with
respect to a broader spectrum of pH, homogeneous catalysis, metabolic systems
engineering, high surface-volume ratio, applicability to wide temperature range,
synthetic biology of multienzyme cascades, and improved thermal stability (Lorenzo
et al. 2018). Recent developments in synthetic biology, systems biology, metabolic
engineering, and microfluidic techniques provide tools for transforming through
integration of novel nanobiological components to attain sophisticated sensing,
regulation, and metabolic function for environmental remedial applications. Thus,
the integrated approaches delivered comparatively better outcome for making specific and sensitive bio-remedial systems with high efficiency and wide applications
(Vigneshvar et al. 2016).
3.5 Appropriation of Best Practices
3.5.1 Eco-Friendly Alternatives to Conventional Manufacturing
Many textile companies are using innovative and eco-friendly technologies to
resolve environmental problems created by traditional production processes. Some
of these are air dyeing technology (ADT), enzymatic one-bath pretreatment, laser
bleaching and washing, digital printing, etc. Natural dyeing methods are useful in
minimizing the effect of the dyeing processes on the ecosystem, although they
require twice the amount of dyeing materials (such as wild plants and lichens) and
mordant to the weight of the fiber (Fitzpatrick et al. 2010).
3.5.2 Substituted Textile Process Products
The high-polluting and nondegradable chemicals can be replaced by less polluted
chemicals. Similarly, textile companies can choose treatment plants that cause less
harmful emissions, such as replacing chemicals with mechanical ones (Tsai and
Chou 2004).
3.5.3 Less Polluting Substances
The choosing of less polluting raw material is an initial screening procedure, and by
following this approach, textile companies can mitigate the generation of waste from
the initial stage, such as using vat dyes rather than azo dyes where appropriate, and
reuse dye and wash wastewater for the preceding process.
10 A Harmless Approach on Textile Effluent Detoxification: Bioremediation and. . .
213
respect to a broader spectrum of pH, homogeneous catalysis, metabolic systems
engineering, high surface-volume ratio, applicability to wide temperature range,
synthetic biology of multienzyme cascades, and improved thermal stability (Lorenzo
et al. 2018). Recent developments in synthetic biology, systems biology, metabolic
engineering, and microfluidic techniques provide tools for transforming through
integration of novel nanobiological components to attain sophisticated sensing,
regulation, and metabolic function for environmental remedial applications. Thus,
the integrated approaches delivered comparatively better outcome for making specific and sensitive bio-remedial systems with high efficiency and wide applications
(Vigneshvar et al. 2016).
3.5 Appropriation of Best Practices
3.5.1 Eco-Friendly Alternatives to Conventional Manufacturing
Many textile companies are using innovative and eco-friendly technologies to
resolve environmental problems created by traditional production processes. Some
of these are air dyeing technology (ADT), enzymatic one-bath pretreatment, laser
bleaching and washing, digital printing, etc. Natural dyeing methods are useful in
minimizing the effect of the dyeing processes on the ecosystem, although they
require twice the amount of dyeing materials (such as wild plants and lichens) and
mordant to the weight of the fiber (Fitzpatrick et al. 2010).
3.5.2 Substituted Textile Process Products
The high-polluting and nondegradable chemicals can be replaced by less polluted
chemicals. Similarly, textile companies can choose treatment plants that cause less
harmful emissions, such as replacing chemicals with mechanical ones (Tsai and
Chou 2004).
3.5.3 Less Polluting Substances
The choosing of less polluting raw material is an initial screening procedure, and by
following this approach, textile companies can mitigate the generation of waste from
the initial stage, such as using vat dyes rather than azo dyes where appropriate, and
reuse dye and wash wastewater for the preceding process.
10 A Harmless Approach on Textile Effluent Detoxification: Bioremediation and. . .
213