ix
Contents
Pigment Distribution in PSII and PSI Super-Complexes of Algal Division ....... 160
Light-Independent Reactions .................................................................................... 160
RuBisCO .............................................................................................................. 166
Calvin–Benson–Bassham Cycle .......................................................................... 167
Carboxylation ...................................................................................................... 167
Reduction ............................................................................................................. 167
Regeneration ........................................................................................................ 167
Photorespiration ................................................................................................... 168
The Energy Relationships in Photosynthesis: The Balance Sheet ........................... 168
Suggested Reading ................................................................................................... 170
Chapter 4 Working with Light .................................................................................................. 173
How Light Behaves .................................................................................................. 173
Scattering.................................................................................................................. 173
Absorption ................................................................................................................ 174
Interference............................................................................................................... 175
Reflection .................................................................................................................. 175
Refraction ................................................................................................................. 177
Dispersion ................................................................................................................. 178
Diffraction ................................................................................................................ 178
Field Instruments: Use and Application ................................................................... 181
Radiometry ............................................................................................................... 181
Measurement Geometries: Solid Angles .................................................................. 181
Radiant Energy ......................................................................................................... 182
Spectral Radiant Energy .......................................................................................... 182
Radiant Flux (Radiant Power) .................................................................................. 182
Spectral Radiant Flux (Spectral Radiant Power) ..................................................... 182
Radiant Flux Density (Irradiance and Radiant Exitance) ........................................ 182
Spectral Radiant Flux Density ................................................................................. 183
Radiance ................................................................................................................... 183
Spectral Radiance..................................................................................................... 184
Radiant Intensity ...................................................................................................... 184
Spectral Radiant Intensity ........................................................................................ 185
Photometry ............................................................................................................... 185
Luminous Flux (Luminous Power) .......................................................................... 185
Luminous Intensity................................................................................................... 185
Luminous Energy ..................................................................................................... 188
Luminous Flux Density (Illuminance and Luminous Exitance) ............................. 188
Luminance ................................................................................................................ 188
Lambertian Surfaces ................................................................................................ 188
Units Conversion ...................................................................................................... 189
Radiant and Luminous Flux (Radiant and Luminous Power) ............................. 189
Irradiance (Flux Density) .................................................................................... 190
Radiance .............................................................................................................. 190
Radiant Intensity.................................................................................................. 190
Luminous Intensity .............................................................................................. 190
Luminance ........................................................................................................... 190
Geometries........................................................................................................... 190
PAR Detectors .......................................................................................................... 191
The Photosynthesis–Irradiance Response Curve (P vs. E Curve) ........................... 193
Contents
Pigment Distribution in PSII and PSI Super-Complexes of Algal Division ....... 160
Light-Independent Reactions .................................................................................... 160
RuBisCO .............................................................................................................. 166
Calvin–Benson–Bassham Cycle .......................................................................... 167
Carboxylation ...................................................................................................... 167
Reduction ............................................................................................................. 167
Regeneration ........................................................................................................ 167
Photorespiration ................................................................................................... 168
The Energy Relationships in Photosynthesis: The Balance Sheet ........................... 168
Suggested Reading ................................................................................................... 170
Chapter 4 Working with Light .................................................................................................. 173
How Light Behaves .................................................................................................. 173
Scattering.................................................................................................................. 173
Absorption ................................................................................................................ 174
Interference............................................................................................................... 175
Reflection .................................................................................................................. 175
Refraction ................................................................................................................. 177
Dispersion ................................................................................................................. 178
Diffraction ................................................................................................................ 178
Field Instruments: Use and Application ................................................................... 181
Radiometry ............................................................................................................... 181
Measurement Geometries: Solid Angles .................................................................. 181
Radiant Energy ......................................................................................................... 182
Spectral Radiant Energy .......................................................................................... 182
Radiant Flux (Radiant Power) .................................................................................. 182
Spectral Radiant Flux (Spectral Radiant Power) ..................................................... 182
Radiant Flux Density (Irradiance and Radiant Exitance) ........................................ 182
Spectral Radiant Flux Density ................................................................................. 183
Radiance ................................................................................................................... 183
Spectral Radiance..................................................................................................... 184
Radiant Intensity ...................................................................................................... 184
Spectral Radiant Intensity ........................................................................................ 185
Photometry ............................................................................................................... 185
Luminous Flux (Luminous Power) .......................................................................... 185
Luminous Intensity................................................................................................... 185
Luminous Energy ..................................................................................................... 188
Luminous Flux Density (Illuminance and Luminous Exitance) ............................. 188
Luminance ................................................................................................................ 188
Lambertian Surfaces ................................................................................................ 188
Units Conversion ...................................................................................................... 189
Radiant and Luminous Flux (Radiant and Luminous Power) ............................. 189
Irradiance (Flux Density) .................................................................................... 190
Radiance .............................................................................................................. 190
Radiant Intensity.................................................................................................. 190
Luminous Intensity .............................................................................................. 190
Luminance ........................................................................................................... 190
Geometries........................................................................................................... 190
PAR Detectors .......................................................................................................... 191
The Photosynthesis–Irradiance Response Curve (P vs. E Curve) ........................... 193