carbon emissions reached the highest in history at 55.3 billion tons (calculated as
CO 2 ). According to the current emission reduction targets pledged by countries in
the Paris Agreement, emissions in 2030 need to be 56 billion tons. If the emissions
continue to increase, the temperature will rise by 3.4–3.9
C at the end of this
century, having destructive effects. Even if countries that have joined the Paris
Agreement achieve their emission reduction targets, the temperature will still rise
by 3.2
C (UNEP 2019).
1.5 Uncertainties in Climate Change Issues
1.5.1 What Is Uncertainty?
Uncertainty is a concept that appears in philosophy, statistics, economics, finance,
insurance, psychology, and sociology. Uncertainty refers to the unpredictability of
the development of things based on the essence and the randomness characterized by
Fig. 1.13 Global
temperature rise forecast.
(Source: Xu et al. 2018)
24
W. Zhou
CO 2 ). According to the current emission reduction targets pledged by countries in
the Paris Agreement, emissions in 2030 need to be 56 billion tons. If the emissions
continue to increase, the temperature will rise by 3.4–3.9
C at the end of this
century, having destructive effects. Even if countries that have joined the Paris
Agreement achieve their emission reduction targets, the temperature will still rise
by 3.2
C (UNEP 2019).
1.5 Uncertainties in Climate Change Issues
1.5.1 What Is Uncertainty?
Uncertainty is a concept that appears in philosophy, statistics, economics, finance,
insurance, psychology, and sociology. Uncertainty refers to the unpredictability of
the development of things based on the essence and the randomness characterized by
Fig. 1.13 Global
temperature rise forecast.
(Source: Xu et al. 2018)
24
W. Zhou