where ϕ ¼ (ξ + T 0 ) Á (a 1 γ
2 + a 2 γ + a 3 ξ + a 4 ), ϕ i ¼ ξ i þ T 0
ð
ÞÁ
a 1 γ i
2
þ a 2 γ i þ a 3 ξ i þ a 4
ð
Þ , α ¼ ψ= _
m ws c P
ð
Þ, ϑ ¼ b 1 ξ
2 + b 2 γ
2 + b 3 γ + b 4 ξ + b 5 ,
ϑ i ¼ b 1 ξ i
2 + b 2 γ i
2 + b 3 γ i + b 4 ξ i + b 5 , ξ ¼ c 1 t
2
cs þ c 2 t ws Á t cs þ c 3 t
2
ws þ c 4 t cs þ
c 5 t ws þ c 6 , ξ i ¼ c 1 t
2
csi þ c 2 t wsi Á t csi þ c 3 t
2
wsi þ c 4 t csi þ c 5 t wsi þ c 6 , γ ¼ Àc 1 t
2
cs À
c 2 t ws Á t cs À c 3 t
2
ws þ 1 À c 4
ð
Þt cs þ 1 À c 5
ð
Þt ws À c 6 , γ i ¼ Àc 1 t
2
csi À c 2 t wsi Á t csi À
c 3 t
2
wsi þ 1 À c 4
ð
Þt csi þ 1 À c 5
ð
Þt wsi À c 6 .
In addition, a ii (ii ¼ 1,2,3,4), b ii (ii ¼ 1,2,. . .5), and c ii (ii ¼ 1,2,. . .6) are constant
coefficients of ammonia, as shown in Table 9.5; n represents the potential number of
Fig. 9.8 Annual average temperature (
C) at 10
3 m depth in East Asia Ocean in 2009 (World
Ocean Data 2009)
Table 9.5 Constant coefficients of ammonia
i
Ammonia
a i
b i
c i
1
À0.0115
4.3728e-04
8.8558e-04
2
À0.0165
À5.4304e-04
6.9750e-04
3
4.6050
0.6841
2.8641e-04
4
–
À4.7073
0.7147
5
–
1267.2557
0.2310
6
–
–
0.5811
Source: Sun et al. (2012b)
180
B. Jia et al.