syntheses of the global literature on climate effects on salmon (35); (c) provide
scientific support for resource management actions to protect endangered species
[36]; and (d) collaborate with other groups on the Pacific coast, the nation, and the
world to enhance our resilience to climate variability and climate change.
To combat the loss of Pacific salmon, Macaulay Salmon Hatchery was
established in Juneau, AK, USA. Figures 1.10 and 1.11 partially introduce the
hatchery facility. In the wild, salmon have to beat all the odds to leave a home
stream as juveniles to begin their life journey at seas or oceans. Only a very small
fraction ranging from 5% to 10% of salmon eggs survive from fertilization to
outmigration into the big ocean environment. At Macaulay Salmon Hatchery,
80–90% success rate from egg to juvenile stage has been consistently achieved
due to their research. Once salmon juveniles leave the hatchery, they face very
dangerous life at ocean as wild salmon. Figures 1.10 and 1.11 show the hatchery that
rear and release salmon into the wild to enhance the opportunities for additional
research, commercial use, personal use, sport, and subsistence fishing. Douglas
Island Pink and Chum Inc. (DIPCI) owns the hatchery with a mission to sustain
and enhance the valuable salmon resources, since salmon, as well as many other
animals, have been directly or indirectly affected by the climate changes. Salmon
does need protection [37, 41]. The hatchery’s salmon management effort is
presented in its process steps presented below.
In Step 1 of the hatchery’s salmon management, millions of fertilized eggs develop
in dark incubation rooms beginning in the late summer.
In Step 2, while in the incubation trays, eggs hatch into alevin and have a yolk sac on
their bellies they feed off of all winter.
In Step 3, fish outmigrate in the spring as smolt and are transported to saltwater net
pens where they spend 1 to 3 months growing and imprinting.
Fig. 1.10 Salmon ladders of Macaulay Salmon Hatchery of Douglas Island Pink and Chum, Inc.,
Juneau, AK, USA. (Credit: LK Wang and MHS Wang)
20
L. K. Wang et al.
scientific support for resource management actions to protect endangered species
[36]; and (d) collaborate with other groups on the Pacific coast, the nation, and the
world to enhance our resilience to climate variability and climate change.
To combat the loss of Pacific salmon, Macaulay Salmon Hatchery was
established in Juneau, AK, USA. Figures 1.10 and 1.11 partially introduce the
hatchery facility. In the wild, salmon have to beat all the odds to leave a home
stream as juveniles to begin their life journey at seas or oceans. Only a very small
fraction ranging from 5% to 10% of salmon eggs survive from fertilization to
outmigration into the big ocean environment. At Macaulay Salmon Hatchery,
80–90% success rate from egg to juvenile stage has been consistently achieved
due to their research. Once salmon juveniles leave the hatchery, they face very
dangerous life at ocean as wild salmon. Figures 1.10 and 1.11 show the hatchery that
rear and release salmon into the wild to enhance the opportunities for additional
research, commercial use, personal use, sport, and subsistence fishing. Douglas
Island Pink and Chum Inc. (DIPCI) owns the hatchery with a mission to sustain
and enhance the valuable salmon resources, since salmon, as well as many other
animals, have been directly or indirectly affected by the climate changes. Salmon
does need protection [37, 41]. The hatchery’s salmon management effort is
presented in its process steps presented below.
In Step 1 of the hatchery’s salmon management, millions of fertilized eggs develop
in dark incubation rooms beginning in the late summer.
In Step 2, while in the incubation trays, eggs hatch into alevin and have a yolk sac on
their bellies they feed off of all winter.
In Step 3, fish outmigrate in the spring as smolt and are transported to saltwater net
pens where they spend 1 to 3 months growing and imprinting.
Fig. 1.10 Salmon ladders of Macaulay Salmon Hatchery of Douglas Island Pink and Chum, Inc.,
Juneau, AK, USA. (Credit: LK Wang and MHS Wang)
20
L. K. Wang et al.