pollutant buildup in the streams; however, addition of polymer can correct this
particularly solid removal. This approach has not proved effective for use for the
treatment of extrusion and impregnation quench streams. Results of effectiveness of
a typical clarifier used in this approach are given in Table 4.10.
Treatment Technologies and Cost
Different treatment technologies are employed in the two approaches involved in the
treatment of pollutants in the carbon and graphite subcategory. For the first approach
(level 1), oil skimming is used for extrusion and impregnation quench streams, while
chemical coagulation and sedimentation with oil skimming are recommended for the
machining, grinding, and scrubber wastewater streams. Because, the treatment of
wastewater in the second approach (level 2) is for recycling purpose, a more
effective pollutant reduction technology is needed to avoid buildup. Therefore,
polymer is added to the technologies involved in the first approach, to improve the
wastewater quality that is fit for recycling into the plant.
The estimate total annual costs for the two approaches of treatment in this
subcategory are shown in Table 4.11.
2.2 Dielectric Materials Subcategory
2.2.1 Description and Production Process
The major components of this subcategory are dielectric-containing devices, such as
oil-filled transformers, capacitors, electric products like mica paper, phenolics,
laminates, fiberglass, polyesters, and rubber (excluding porcelain and glass). Transformers are broadly classified into oil-filled (wet) transformers and non-oil-filled
(dry) transformers. Oil-filled (wet) transformers are often large in size; they operate
at high voltage and are designed for power distribution. However, some small highvoltage transformers, such as automotive ignition coils, are available. The dry
transformers are low-voltage transformers and their small types are widely use as
fluorescent lamp ballasts, doorbell transformers, machine troll controls, power
regulation, instrument transformers, and other general industrial and commercial
applications.
Oil-filled capacitors are classified into large- and small-sized capacitors based on
sizes. The larger-sized capacitors are used for power factor correction (PFC), while
smaller-sized capacitors are used for electric motor control and in fluorescent lamps.
Dielectric products, particularly, mica paper, are important component of capacitors.
In fact, a capacitor may be defined as layered structures of conductive and dielectric
(insulating) surfaces. Mica paper is predominantly used in the fixed types of
capacitor which are in the form of rigid plates, thin sheets, or rolled flexible
materials. Other types of dielectric are electrical insulators made from rubber and
4 Electrical and Electronic Wastes Treatment
131
particularly solid removal. This approach has not proved effective for use for the
treatment of extrusion and impregnation quench streams. Results of effectiveness of
a typical clarifier used in this approach are given in Table 4.10.
Treatment Technologies and Cost
Different treatment technologies are employed in the two approaches involved in the
treatment of pollutants in the carbon and graphite subcategory. For the first approach
(level 1), oil skimming is used for extrusion and impregnation quench streams, while
chemical coagulation and sedimentation with oil skimming are recommended for the
machining, grinding, and scrubber wastewater streams. Because, the treatment of
wastewater in the second approach (level 2) is for recycling purpose, a more
effective pollutant reduction technology is needed to avoid buildup. Therefore,
polymer is added to the technologies involved in the first approach, to improve the
wastewater quality that is fit for recycling into the plant.
The estimate total annual costs for the two approaches of treatment in this
subcategory are shown in Table 4.11.
2.2 Dielectric Materials Subcategory
2.2.1 Description and Production Process
The major components of this subcategory are dielectric-containing devices, such as
oil-filled transformers, capacitors, electric products like mica paper, phenolics,
laminates, fiberglass, polyesters, and rubber (excluding porcelain and glass). Transformers are broadly classified into oil-filled (wet) transformers and non-oil-filled
(dry) transformers. Oil-filled (wet) transformers are often large in size; they operate
at high voltage and are designed for power distribution. However, some small highvoltage transformers, such as automotive ignition coils, are available. The dry
transformers are low-voltage transformers and their small types are widely use as
fluorescent lamp ballasts, doorbell transformers, machine troll controls, power
regulation, instrument transformers, and other general industrial and commercial
applications.
Oil-filled capacitors are classified into large- and small-sized capacitors based on
sizes. The larger-sized capacitors are used for power factor correction (PFC), while
smaller-sized capacitors are used for electric motor control and in fluorescent lamps.
Dielectric products, particularly, mica paper, are important component of capacitors.
In fact, a capacitor may be defined as layered structures of conductive and dielectric
(insulating) surfaces. Mica paper is predominantly used in the fixed types of
capacitor which are in the form of rigid plates, thin sheets, or rolled flexible
materials. Other types of dielectric are electrical insulators made from rubber and
4 Electrical and Electronic Wastes Treatment
131