13 IoT Based Wearable Healthcare System: Post COVID-19
313
Table 13.1 (continued)
Device type Diagnostics
Physical
parameters
Flexible
Sensing
mechanism
References
Sweat
Physiological
health
pH and body
temperature
Yes
ISFET
[54]
13.3 Internet of Things (IoT)
The term, internet of things (IoT), is relatively new and introduced in 1999 by Kevin
Ashton. But it was popularized in this decade only (after 2010) [56]. IoT integrates
many parameters like sensing of sensors, data storage, connectivity, power, computation, protocols [57, 58]. IoT has many applications found in various places like smart
cities, remote monitoring, agriculture, healthcare, etc. The advancement of information technology with manufacturing capabilities enhances the IoT operation. In this
chapter we are more concerned about wearable sensors for healthcare monitoring
using IoT. Till now healthcare systems in most of the countries are reliable on paper
based records received from the doctors or clinics. It is very rare to share the data
between patients, doctors, and clinics in third world countries. But there is a huge
scope of IoT in healthcare systems.
IoTs are real time systems as they connect sensing, storage, computation, and
communication to sense physical systems and respond in real time. These systems
also connect nodes with cloud or fog computing and designing chips for IoT requires
a new strategy i.e., big chips are not certainly the perfect fit for fog and edge devices
in the IoT domain. Since, IoT devices are cheap and are being used in various
departments like healthcare, smart transportation, pollution monitoring, etc. As the
number of devices is increasing rapidly, challenges are increasing and one of the
primary challenges is low power consumption and performing machine learning
(ML) at the device, security, and safety. Even though standardization of technical
terms has not done but some of the common terminologies are given below:
• Nodes are the edge devices that offer communication and sensing.
• Hubs/gateways are devices which connect one or more nodes.
• Fog means nodes that are placed in between the edge devices and cloud.
• Cloud is used to do remote computations and for storing the data.
Traditional systems on chip (SoC) design with sensors have features like big
chipsets whereas IoT device design features like low power consumption and lower
device area. It is required to join both mature manufacturing and novel technologies
in system-in-package configurations to make a combination of low power consumption, computation, sensing, and communication. There are several parts in the IoT
based healthcare system. First we need wearable sensors, then these sensors need
to read the data and send it to the machine. Machines will process these data and
finally provide the outcomes. In this total process communication or networking and
security plays an important role for IoT enabled healthcare systems. There are a total
313
Table 13.1 (continued)
Device type Diagnostics
Physical
parameters
Flexible
Sensing
mechanism
References
Sweat
Physiological
health
pH and body
temperature
Yes
ISFET
[54]
13.3 Internet of Things (IoT)
The term, internet of things (IoT), is relatively new and introduced in 1999 by Kevin
Ashton. But it was popularized in this decade only (after 2010) [56]. IoT integrates
many parameters like sensing of sensors, data storage, connectivity, power, computation, protocols [57, 58]. IoT has many applications found in various places like smart
cities, remote monitoring, agriculture, healthcare, etc. The advancement of information technology with manufacturing capabilities enhances the IoT operation. In this
chapter we are more concerned about wearable sensors for healthcare monitoring
using IoT. Till now healthcare systems in most of the countries are reliable on paper
based records received from the doctors or clinics. It is very rare to share the data
between patients, doctors, and clinics in third world countries. But there is a huge
scope of IoT in healthcare systems.
IoTs are real time systems as they connect sensing, storage, computation, and
communication to sense physical systems and respond in real time. These systems
also connect nodes with cloud or fog computing and designing chips for IoT requires
a new strategy i.e., big chips are not certainly the perfect fit for fog and edge devices
in the IoT domain. Since, IoT devices are cheap and are being used in various
departments like healthcare, smart transportation, pollution monitoring, etc. As the
number of devices is increasing rapidly, challenges are increasing and one of the
primary challenges is low power consumption and performing machine learning
(ML) at the device, security, and safety. Even though standardization of technical
terms has not done but some of the common terminologies are given below:
• Nodes are the edge devices that offer communication and sensing.
• Hubs/gateways are devices which connect one or more nodes.
• Fog means nodes that are placed in between the edge devices and cloud.
• Cloud is used to do remote computations and for storing the data.
Traditional systems on chip (SoC) design with sensors have features like big
chipsets whereas IoT device design features like low power consumption and lower
device area. It is required to join both mature manufacturing and novel technologies
in system-in-package configurations to make a combination of low power consumption, computation, sensing, and communication. There are several parts in the IoT
based healthcare system. First we need wearable sensors, then these sensors need
to read the data and send it to the machine. Machines will process these data and
finally provide the outcomes. In this total process communication or networking and
security plays an important role for IoT enabled healthcare systems. There are a total