creating favorable water storage conditions for the fissure-karst water occurring in
the study area. At the same time, the extensile and shear joints and bedding joints
are developed due to the development of structures and folds in the Ningzhen
Mountain of the site area, facilitating the flowing and storage of the groundwater.
The tension and tension-shear faults developed in the area has approximately the
same trend with the vertical-dipping bed, with tensional fissuration and fissure
development, causing karst development under the strong circulation and alternation of the groundwater.
II. Recharge, runoff and discharge of groundwater
The bedrock fissure water mainly occurs in the weathered fissure zone of the
near-surface rock strata. The thickness of the aquifer is uneven due to the varied
degree of weathering. The aquifer infiltrates downwards slowly in vertical direction
after taking in the atmospheric precipitation, runs off downward the slope along the
fissures by the surface features, and discharges by evaporation or in the form of
springs (after rain) or flood in scarps, partially recharging the underlying aquifer.
The water-bearing property of the rock mass is varied (that of the dolomite is better
than that of the marble in the study area) due to the undulations of the terrain and
the difference in the development of joints and fissures in the rock mass. The
groundwater is primarily in shallow circulation and is greatly affected by seasons,
as shown by the obvious change in water of the layer in different seasons in the
study area, where the observation port reveals a very low water level in the dry
season.
The fissure karst water mainly exists in the corroded fissures and tectonic
fractures of the deeper rock formations. The aquifer is quite thick, mainly recharged
by the lateral runoff, atmospheric precipitation and adjacent aquifers. Water in the
exposed bedrock area penetrates in a concentrated manner via depressions, funnels,
caves, etc. and permeates in a disperse manner via surface karst fissures, fissures,
and corroded gullies, running off to the deep or the downstream along corroded
fissures and structural fissures in vein or banding shapes generally from west to east
and directly recharging the quaternary pore water aquifer at the contact face with
the quaternary system.
The groundwater has few natural outcrops in the study area. After recharged by
atmospheric precipitation and melt snow and ice, it partially infiltrates into the
superstratum, where it is migrated to be discharged into both sides of the gulley;
and partially permeates downward to feed the bedrock groundwater, being stored
and migrated in fissures, and seeps down by the slope to be discharged from the
surface into nearby rivulet ravines.
352
5 Application Cases
the study area. At the same time, the extensile and shear joints and bedding joints
are developed due to the development of structures and folds in the Ningzhen
Mountain of the site area, facilitating the flowing and storage of the groundwater.
The tension and tension-shear faults developed in the area has approximately the
same trend with the vertical-dipping bed, with tensional fissuration and fissure
development, causing karst development under the strong circulation and alternation of the groundwater.
II. Recharge, runoff and discharge of groundwater
The bedrock fissure water mainly occurs in the weathered fissure zone of the
near-surface rock strata. The thickness of the aquifer is uneven due to the varied
degree of weathering. The aquifer infiltrates downwards slowly in vertical direction
after taking in the atmospheric precipitation, runs off downward the slope along the
fissures by the surface features, and discharges by evaporation or in the form of
springs (after rain) or flood in scarps, partially recharging the underlying aquifer.
The water-bearing property of the rock mass is varied (that of the dolomite is better
than that of the marble in the study area) due to the undulations of the terrain and
the difference in the development of joints and fissures in the rock mass. The
groundwater is primarily in shallow circulation and is greatly affected by seasons,
as shown by the obvious change in water of the layer in different seasons in the
study area, where the observation port reveals a very low water level in the dry
season.
The fissure karst water mainly exists in the corroded fissures and tectonic
fractures of the deeper rock formations. The aquifer is quite thick, mainly recharged
by the lateral runoff, atmospheric precipitation and adjacent aquifers. Water in the
exposed bedrock area penetrates in a concentrated manner via depressions, funnels,
caves, etc. and permeates in a disperse manner via surface karst fissures, fissures,
and corroded gullies, running off to the deep or the downstream along corroded
fissures and structural fissures in vein or banding shapes generally from west to east
and directly recharging the quaternary pore water aquifer at the contact face with
the quaternary system.
The groundwater has few natural outcrops in the study area. After recharged by
atmospheric precipitation and melt snow and ice, it partially infiltrates into the
superstratum, where it is migrated to be discharged into both sides of the gulley;
and partially permeates downward to feed the bedrock groundwater, being stored
and migrated in fissures, and seeps down by the slope to be discharged from the
surface into nearby rivulet ravines.
352
5 Application Cases